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The relationship between agricultural technology and energy demand in Pakistan

机译：巴基斯坦农业技术与能源需求之间的关系

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摘要

The purpose of this study was two fold: (i) to investigate the casual relationship between energy consumption and agricultural technology factors, and (ii) electricity consumption and technological factors in the agricultural sector of Pakistan. The study further evaluates four alternative but equally plausible hypotheses, each with different policy implications. These are: (i) Agricultural technology factors cause energy demand (the conventional view), (ii) energy demand causes technological factors, (iii) There is a bi-directional causality between the two variables and (iv) Both variables are causality independent. By applying techniques of Cointegration and Granger causality tests on energy demand (i.e., total primary energy consumption and electricity consumption) and agricultural technology factors (such as, tractors, fertilizers, cereals production, agriculture irrigated land, high technology exports, livestock; agriculture value added; industry value added and subsides) over a period of 1975-2010. The results infer that tractor and energy demand has bi-directional relationship; while irrigated agricultural land; share of agriculture and industry value added and subsides have supported the conventional view i.e., agricultural technology cause energy consumption in Pakistan. On the other hand, neither fertilizer consumption and high technology exports nor energy demand affect each others. Government should form a policy of incentive-based supports which might be a good policy for increasing the use of energy level in agriculture.
机译：这项研究的目的有两个方面：（i）研究能源消耗与农业技术因素之间的偶然关系，以及（ii）巴基斯坦农业部门的电力消耗与技术因素。该研究进一步评估了四个备选但同样合理的假设，每个假设具有不同的政策含义。它们是：（i）农业技术因素导致能源需求（传统观点），（ii）能源需求导致技术因素，（iii）两个变量之间存在双向因果关系，并且（iv）两个变量均与因果关系无关。通过对能源需求（即一次能源总消耗和电力消耗）和农业技术因素（例如拖拉机，化肥，谷物生产，农业灌溉土地，高科技出口，牲畜；农业价值）进行协整和格兰杰因果关系检验技术；在1975年至2010年期间）。结果表明，拖拉机与能源需求具有双向关系。灌溉农田；农业和工业增加值的份额以及补贴的减少都支持了传统观点，即农业技术导致巴基斯坦的能源消耗。另一方面，化肥消费和高科技出口或能源需求都不会相互影响。政府应制定以激励为基础的支持政策，这可能是增加农业能源水平利用的良好政策。

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  • 来源
    《Energy Policy》 |2012年第5期|p.268-279|共12页
  • 作者

    Khalid Zaman; Muhammad Mushtaq Khan; Mehboob Ahmad; Rabiah Rustam;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan;

    Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan;

    HOD Economics Department, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan;

    Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    energy demand; agricultural technology; Pakistan;

    机译：能源需求;农业技术;巴基斯坦;

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