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Economic performance and policies for grid-connected residential solar photovoltaic systems in Brazil

机译：巴西并网住宅太阳能光伏系统的经济表现和政策

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We analyze the economic competitiveness of grid-connected, distributed solar photovoltaic generation through small-scale rooftop installations in five Brazilian state-capitals. The locations represent a comprehensive set of the two essential parameters for the economic viability of PV-solar irradiation and local electricity tariffs. Levelized electricity costs (LEC) for PV generation and net present values (NPV) for a specific PV system are presented. The analysis comprises three different interest rate scenarios reflecting different conditions for capital acquisition to finance the generators; subsidized, mature market and country-specific risk-adjusted interest. In the NPV analysis, revenue flow is modeled by the sale of PV electricity at current residential tariffs assuming net metering. Using subsidized interest rates, the analysis shows that solar PV electricity is already competitive in Brazil, while in the country-specific risk-adjusted rate, the declining, but still high capital costs of PV make it economically unfeasible. At a mature market interest rate, PV competitiveness is largely dependent on the residential tariff. Economic competitiveness in this scenario is given for locations with high residential tariffs. We demonstrate the high potential of distributed generation with photovoltaic installations in Brazil, and show that under certain conditions, grid-connected PV can be economically competitive in a developing country.
机译：我们分析了巴西五个州府通过小型屋顶装置进行的并网分布式太阳能发电的经济竞争力。这些位置代表了光伏太阳能辐射的经济可行性和当地电价的两个基本参数的综合集合。给出了光伏发电的平均电费（LEC）和特定光伏系统的净现值（NPV）。该分析包括三种不同的利率情景，这些情景反映了为发电商提供资金的资本收购的不同条件；补贴，成熟的市场和特定国家/地区的风险调整后利率。在净现值（NPV）分析中，收入流是通过在假定净计量的情况下按当前住宅电价出售光伏电力来建模的。使用补贴利率，分析表明，太阳能光伏发电在巴西已经具有竞争力，而在特定国家的风险调整率中，光伏发电成本的下降（但仍然很高）使其在经济上不可行。在成熟的市场利率下，光伏竞争力很大程度上取决于住宅电价。在这种情况下，经济竞争力是针对具有高住宅电价的地区。我们证明了在巴西使用光伏装置进行分布式发电的巨大潜力，并表明在某些条件下，并网光伏在发展中国家可以具有经济竞争力。

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