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首页> 外文期刊>Energy Policy >Does Demolition Or Refurbishment Of Old And Inefficient Homes Help To Increase Our Environmental, Social And Economic Viability?
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Does Demolition Or Refurbishment Of Old And Inefficient Homes Help To Increase Our Environmental, Social And Economic Viability?

机译：拆毁或翻新低效的老旧房屋是否有助于提高我们的环境，社会和经济生存能力？

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The paper also discusses the social and political problems of demolition. There is widespread opposition to large-scale demolition of older stock, mainly pre-1919 terraced homes, which is currently the most 'leaky'. This older property is a prime target for demolition in the Environmental Change Institute's proposals and the Government's plans. The environmental benefits of refurbishment are shown, based on work by the Empty Homes Agency, evidence from English Heritage, the Building Research Establishment and the Prince's Foundation. Work on refurbishment shows that existing homes, often in brick-built terraces, are relatively easy to upgrade and, with careful reinvestment in the existing buildings, can achieve as high environmental efficiency standards as current new build. We consider major social, economic and environmental benefits of refurbishment compared with demolition, including: a reduction in the transport costs, reduced landfill disposal, greater reuse of materials, reuse of infill sites and existing infrastructure, reduced new building on flood plains, local economic development, retention of community infrastructure, neighbourhood renewal and management. We weigh these benefits against the full costs of demolition and rebuilding, involving much higher capital costs, higher material wastage, greater embodied carbon inputs, the polluting impact of particulates, greater use of lorry transport for materials and waste, greater use of aggregates, more noise and disruption. On the social issues of housing need and fuel poverty, we argue that refurbishment and infill building are socially more acceptable, cheaper and create far lower environmental impact, while reducing fuel poverty. The incentive problems associated with renovation and the barriers to delivering it are also discussed. The evidence we have uncovered counters the suggestion that large-scale and accelerated demolition would either help us meet our energy and climate change targets or respond to our social needs. Many arguments remain unclear, but the overall balance of evidence suggests that refurbishment most often makes sense on the basis of time, cost, community impact, prevention of sprawl, reuse of existing infrastructure and protection of existing communities. It can also lead to reduced energy use in buildings in both the short and long term. Many factors will influence what happens in practice, but it seems unlikely under any scenario that the rate of demolition will accelerate far above current levels. Upgrading the existing stock is likely to gain in significance for environmental, social and economic reasons. Adopting policies that aid the retention and upgrading of the existing stock will help develop the necessary skills and technologies, save materials and land, and enhance the integration of existing communities in need of regeneration.
机译：本文还讨论了拆迁的社会和政治问题。人们普遍反对大规模拆除旧存货，主要是1919年前的梯田房屋，这是目前最“漏油”的房屋。在环境变化研究所的建议和政府计划中，这处较旧的物业是拆除的主要目标。根据空置房署的工作，英国遗产，建筑研究机构和王子基金会的证据，显示了翻新的环境效益。翻新工作表明，通常位于砖砌露台中的现有房屋相对容易升级，并且通过对现有建筑物进行仔细的再投资，可以达到与当前新建房屋一样高的环境效率标准。与拆除相比，我们认为翻新带来的主要社会，经济和环境效益包括：降低运输成本，减少垃圾掩埋处置，增加材料的再利用，再利用填充场和现有基础设施，减少洪泛区的新建筑，当地经济发展，保留社区基础设施，更新社区和进行管理。我们将这些收益与拆除和重建的全部成本进行权衡，其中包括更高的资本成本，更高的材料浪费，更大的含碳量输入，颗粒物的污染影响，更多地使用卡车运输材料和废物，更多地使用集料，更多噪音和干扰。关于住房需求和燃料匮乏的社会问题，我们认为，翻新和填充建筑在社会上更容易接受，更便宜，并且对环境的影响要小得多，同时还能减少燃料贫乏。还讨论了与装修相关的激励问题及其交付障碍。我们发现的证据与这样的建议相反，即大规模和加速拆除将有助于我们实现能源和气候变化目标，或者满足我们的社会需求。许多论点仍然不清楚，但是总体的证据平衡表明，翻新通常是基于时间，成本，社区影响，防止蔓延，现有基础设施的再利用和对现有社区的保护才有意义的。从短期和长期来看，它还可以减少建筑物的能耗。许多因素将影响实践中发生的事情，但是在任何情况下，拆除速度似乎都不可能远远超过当前水平。出于环境，社会和经济方面的原因，升级现有库存可能具有重要意义。采取有助于保留和升级现有种群的政策将有助于发展必要的技能和技术，节省材料和土地，并加强需要再生的现有社区的融合。

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