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Beyond free electricity: The costs of electric cooking in poor households and a market-friendly alternative

机译：超越免费电力：贫困家庭的电饭煲成本和市场友好的替代方案

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摘要

The South African government is introducing a poverty-reduction policy that will supply households with a monthly 50 kWh free basic electricity (FBE) subsidy. We show that FBE distorts the energy choices of poor households by encouraging them to cook with electricity, whereas alternatives such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) can deliver a similar cooking service at a much lower cost to society. An alternative energy scheme, such as providing households with clean energy credits equivalent in value to the FBE's cost, could deliver additional energy services worth at least 6% of total household welfare (and probably much more) at no additional public cost; those benefits are so large that they would cover the entire cost of LPG fuel needed to implement the scheme. The analysis is extremely sensitive to the coincidence of electric cooking with peak power demand on the South African grid and to assumptions regarding how South Africa will meet its looming shortfall in peak power capacity. One danger of FBE is that actual peak coincidence and the costs of supplying peak power could be much less favorable than we assume, and such uncertainties expose the South African power system to potentially very high costs of service.
机译：南非政府正在实施一项减贫政策，该政策将为家庭每月提供50千瓦时的免费基本电（FBE）补贴。我们证明，联邦储备委员会通过鼓励贫困家庭用电做饭，扭曲了他们的能源选择，而诸如液化石油气（LPG）之类的替代方案可以以较低的成本为社会提供类似的烹饪服务。另一种替代能源计划，例如向家庭提供与FBE成本相当的清洁能源信用额度，可以提供额外的能源服务，其价值至少占家庭总福利的6％（甚至更多），而无需增加公共成本；这些好处是如此之大，以至于可以支付实施该计划所需的全部液化石油气燃料成本。该分析对南非国家电网的峰值功率需求与电蒸煮的巧合以及对南非如何满足其即将出现的峰值功率容量不足的假设极为敏感。 FBE的危险之一是实际的峰值巧合和峰值功率的供应成本可能比我们预期的要差得多，并且这种不确定性使南非电力系统面临潜在的非常高的服务成本。

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