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Network Embeddedness and Innovation: Evidence From the Alternative Energy Field

机译：网络嵌入和创新：来自替代能源领域的证据

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摘要

Researchers have long studied the effect of network embeddedness on innovation outcomes, resulting in mixed findings. In this paper, we aim to take a novel approach to reconcile prior conflicting perspectives. We argue that previous seemingly discrepant findings may stem from ignoring different forms of network embeddedness and innovation. An innovator has doubly embedded relations in innovation networks: relational and structural embeddedness (SE). Additionally, innovations are categorized into two distinct types: exploratory and exploitative innovations. Our analysis is based on 2936 patent records involving 1561 inventors from a large U.S. company over a 16-year period. The findings indicate that, both relational and SE contribute to promoting exploitative innovation, while they have inverted U-shaped relationships with exploratory innovation. Furthermore, we argue that the whole network structure (e.g., the small-world quotient) must be considered to fully understand the effectiveness of network embeddedness. The implications of our findings are discussed for embeddedness, innovation, and network theory. For policy practice, researchers and knowledge workers should be more aware of modifying the levels of relational and SE, adopt appropriate embeddedness levels in a different situation, and match their embeddedness strategy with the whole structure of the intrafirm network.
机译：研究人员长期以来研究了网络嵌入对创新成果的影响，导致混合发现。在本文中，我们的目标是采取新的方法来协调先前的冲突的观点。我们认为，以前看似差异的调查结果可能会忽略不同形式的网络嵌入和创新。创新者在创新网络中具有双重嵌入式关系：关系和结构嵌入式（SE）。此外，创新分为两种不同的类型：探索性和剥削性创新。我们的分析基于2936名专利记录，涉及来自大型美国公司的1561名发明家，超过16年的时间。调查结果表明，关系和SE都有助于促进剥削性创新，而他们将U形关系与探索性创新反转。此外，我们认为整个网络结构（例如，小世界商）必须被视为完全理解网络嵌入性的有效性。我们的研究结果的影响是为嵌入性，创新和网络理论讨论的。对于政策实践，研究人员和知识工作人员应更加了解修改关系和SE的水平，采取不同情况下采用适当的嵌入性水平，并将其嵌入性战略与INTRAFARM网络的整个结构相匹配。

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