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首页> 外文期刊>Environment and Planning >Helping those like us or harming those unlike us: illuminating social processes leading to environmental injustice
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Helping those like us or harming those unlike us: illuminating social processes leading to environmental injustice

机译：帮助像我们这样的人或伤害与我们不同的人：启发导致环境不公正的社会进程

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摘要

Several theories have been proposed to explain societal environmental injustices. Studies based on standard statistical methods and empirical data are often limited in testing some of these theories. This is especially true when some potential reasons (eg, racism) for unjust environmental outcomes are invidious, and even individual-level methods (eg, surveys) are unlikely to be effective in detecting them. We use agent-based modeling to explore the circumstances under which racially defined environmental injustice occurs in a society. We test three competing theories of an environmental disamenity's location decision: cost factors alone, benign intention for the majority population, or malign intention for the minority population, along with three scenarios of residential similarity preferences. The simulation demonstrates that a purely neoclassical world-one in which firms and residents care only about costs-does not lead to environmental injustice. Nor does a similar world in which disamenity-producing firms seek to locate away from majority residents. Instead, two conditions led to societal environmental injustice: when disamenity-producing firms aim to locate near minorities or when residents prefer to live near other residents like themselves. In our model, a race-conscious society rather than just a collection of race-conscious firms produced significant levels of environmental injustice.
机译：已经提出了几种理论来解释社会环境不公。基于标准统计方法和经验数据的研究通常在检验其中一些理论时受到限制。当某些不合理的环境结果的潜在原因（例如种族主义）令人信服，甚至个人层面的方法（例如调查）也不太可能有效地发现它们时，尤其如此。我们使用基于主体的模型来探索在社会中种族界定的环境不公正现象发生的环境。我们测试了环境缺陷地点选择的三种相互竞争的理论：仅凭成本因素，对多数人口的良性意图或对少数族裔的有害意图，以及居民相似性偏好的三种情况。模拟表明，一个纯粹的新古典世界，即企业和居民只关心成本的世界，不会导致环境不公。在类似的世界中，造成残障人士的公司也试图远离多数居民。相反，有两种情况导致了社会环境的不公正：当生产残障人士的公司打算在少数族裔附近居住时，或者当居民喜欢住在像他们这样的其他居民附近时。在我们的模型中，一个有种族意识的社会，而不只是一群具有种族意识的公司，造成了很大程度的环境不公。

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  • 来源
    《Environment and Planning》 |2012年第5期|p.945-964|共20页
  • 作者

    Adam Eckerd; Heather Campbell; Yushim Kim;

  • 作者单位

    Center for Public Administration and Policy, Virgin Tech, 1021 Prince Street, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA;

    Department of Politics and Policy, Claremont Graduate University, 170 East Tenth Street,Claremont, CA 91711, USA;

    School of Public Affairs, Arizona State University, 411 North Central Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    environmental justice; discrimination; agent-based model;

    机译：环境正义;歧视基于主体的模型;

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