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The atomization of heritage politics in post-colonial cities: The case of Phnom Penh, Cambodia

机译：后殖民城市的遗产政治雾化：以柬埔寨金边为例

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This paper analyzes the politics of heritage in urban Cambodia. Focusing on the capital, Phnom Penh, we argue that urban heritage is shaped at the intersection of global doctrines and professional knowledge, socioeconomic strategies at the national and local scales, real estate developments, and contextual institutional practices. We propose the concept "atomization of heritage politics" to explain the fragmentary and tentacular power relations that determine how built heritage is managed or destroyed. Drawing on heritage literature on Southeast Asian cities, we first argue that academic writers underestimate the role of land issues and localized power relations in shaping urban heritage politics. We contextualize the rise of heritage concerns in Cambodia. Since colonial times heritage strategies have focused on the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Angkor, with urban heritage being of only peripheral concern. Second, we explain how proposals made by international development partners for an overall heritage policy failed, as they conflicted with the rationality of land and power relations, leaving foreign consultants to renegotiate their position in Cambodian politics. Finally, we explore two case studies-the National Stadium and the Renakse Hotel-at the center of virulent, long-lasting political clashes between various forces that took root during the reconstruction of the Cambodian state in the 1980s and 1990s. Together with powerful individuals, families, and companies, the competition and tactical alliances between these forces shape the contested politics of urban heritage in the Cambodian capital.
机译：本文分析了柬埔寨城市的遗产政治。以首都金边为中心，我们认为城市遗产的形成是全球学说和专业知识，国家和地方规模的社会经济战略，房地产开发以及相关制度实践的交汇处。我们提出“遗产政治的雾化”概念来解释决定如何管理或破坏建筑遗产的零碎和触手的权力关系。我们首先以东南亚城市的遗产文献为依据，认为学者们低估了土地问题和地方权力关系在塑造城市遗产政治中的作用。我们将柬埔寨对遗产问题的关注与背景联系起来。自殖民时代以来，遗产战略一直集中在联合国教科文组织世界遗产吴哥遗址，而城市遗产仅是外围问题。第二，我们解释了国际发展伙伴提出的关于整体遗产政策的提案是如何失败的，因为它们与土地和权力关系的合理性相抵触，而使外国顾问重新谈判其在柬埔寨政治中的地位。最后，我们探讨了两个案例研究-国家体育馆和Renakse酒店-这是在1980年代和1990年代柬埔寨国家重建期间生根发芽的各种势力之间持久而持久的政治冲突的中心。这些力量与强大的个人，家庭和公司共同组成的竞争和战术联盟，共同构成了柬埔寨首都城市遗产争夺战的政治。

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