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The atomization of heritage politics in post-colonial cities: The case of Phnom Penh, Cambodia

机译：后殖民城市遗产政治的雾化：柬埔寨金边的案例

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This paper analyzes the politics of heritage in urban Cambodia. Focusing on the capital, Phnom Penh, we argue that urban heritage is shaped at the intersection of global doctrines and professional knowledge, socioeconomic strategies at the national and local scales, real estate developments, and contextual institutional practices. We propose the concept "atomization of heritage politics" to explain the fragmentary and tentacular power relations that determine how built heritage is managed or destroyed. Drawing on heritage literature on Southeast Asian cities, we first argue that academic writers underestimate the role of land issues and localized power relations in shaping urban heritage politics. We contextualize the rise of heritage concerns in Cambodia. Since colonial times heritage strategies have focused on the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Angkor, with urban heritage being of only peripheral concern. Second, we explain how proposals made by international development partners for an overall heritage policy failed, as they conflicted with the rationality of land and power relations, leaving foreign consultants to renegotiate their position in Cambodian politics. Finally, we explore two case studies-the National Stadium and the Renakse Hotel-at the center of virulent, long-lasting political clashes between various forces that took root during the reconstruction of the Cambodian state in the 1980s and 1990s. Together with powerful individuals, families, and companies, the competition and tactical alliances between these forces shape the contested politics of urban heritage in the Cambodian capital.
机译：本文分析了城市柬埔寨遗产的政治。专注于首都金边，我们认为城市遗产是在全球学说和专业知识的交叉口，国家和地方尺度，房地产开发和情境制度实践的社会经济战略。我们提出了“遗产政治的雾化”的概念来解释局部和触须力量，确定内置遗产如何管理或销毁。在东南亚城市的遗产文学中绘制，我们首先争辩说，学术作家低估了土地问题和局部电力关系在塑造城市遗产政治中的作用。我们在柬埔寨上下揭示遗产问题。由于殖民时代遗产策略专注于联合国教科文组织世界遗产吴哥，城市遗产只有外围关注。其次，我们解释了国际发展伙伴对整体遗产政策所作的建议失败，因为它们与土地和权力关系的合理性发生恰当，留下外国顾问在柬埔寨政治中重新谈判其职位。最后，我们探讨了两种案例研究 - 国家体育馆和雷纳斯酒店 - 在20世纪80年代和20世纪90年代在柬埔寨国家重建期间扎根的各种力量之间的毒性，长期的政治冲突。与强大的个人，家庭和公司一起，这些力量之间的竞争和战术联盟塑造了柬埔寨首都城市遗产的有争议的政治。

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