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首页> 外文期刊>Environment, development and sustainability >BUILDING INSTITUTIONS FOR MARKETS: EXPERIENCES AND LESSONS FROM CHINA'S RURAL FOREST SECTOR
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BUILDING INSTITUTIONS FOR MARKETS: EXPERIENCES AND LESSONS FROM CHINA'S RURAL FOREST SECTOR

机译：市场建设机构：中国农村林业的经验和教训

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摘要

Through the lens of institutional economics, this paper reviews the reform and development experience in China's rural forest sector and discusses lessons that can be learned by China and other countries. We find that the impacts of the reforms, characterized by changes in forest tenures and market settings, hinge on how they are implemented. If farmers are granted not only land use rights but also liberalized market access, as shown in the northern farm region and the production of non-timber forest products, the incentive structure will be improved, and thus forest production will grow and producers and consumers will benefit. If the reforms are implemented in such a way as to cause market control and distortions, as witnessed in the southern traditional timber production region, the incentive structure will improve little. The chances for production increase will thus be diminished, making it difficult for producers and consumers to enhance their welfare. While tenure arrangements have evolved across the country in the 1990s, timber production in the south remains subject to allowable quota, cutting permit, government proeuretnent, and heavy taxation. We wonder what the land use and tree ownership rights mean without the right to access market freely and fairly, and how practical it is to substitute government efforts for private initiatives in a successful forestry program. The time has come for Chinese policymakers to address these problems.
机译：本文从制度经济学的角度，回顾了中国农村森林部门的改革和发展经验，并讨论了中国和其他国家可以汲取的经验教训。我们发现，以林权和市场环境的变化为特征的改革影响取决于改革的实施方式。如北部农场地区和非木材林产品的生产所示，如果不仅授予农民土地使用权而且开放市场准入，激励结构将得到改善，从而森林产量将增加，生产者和消费者将得到改善。效益。如果改革的实施方式引起市场控制和扭曲，如南部传统木材生产地区所见证的那样，激励结构将几乎没有改善。因此，增加产量的机会将减少，从而使生产者和消费者难以增加其福利。尽管1990年代全国各地的土地使用权安排已经发生了变化，但南部的木材生产仍然要受到允许的配额，砍伐许可，政府部门的征收和重税的限制。我们想知道没有自由和公平地进入市场的权利的土地使用权和树木所有权的权利意味着什么，以及在成功的林业计划中用政府的努力代替私人举措的实用性。中国政策制定者应对这些问题的时候到了。

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