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Environmental Inequality and Economic Valuation

机译：环境不平等和经济估值

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I study how the economic value of a heterogeneously distributed environmental public good depends on how the endowment with this good and income are distributed. I find that the effect of environmental inequality on the societal willingness to pay (WTP) for the environmental good is determined both by its substitutability and by the correlation of its provision with income. Specifically, environmental inequality decreases societal WTP for substitutes, but this effect is reversed if the environmental good is a complement or distributed strongly in favour of richer households. Moreover, I show that richer households living in places where environmental good endowment is high increases (decreases) societal WTP if and only if the environmental good is a substitute for (complement to) consumption goods. I propose novel adjustment factors for structural benefit transfer to control for differences in the spatial distribution of environmental goods. Using forest preservation in Poland as an empirical example, I find that societal WTP is up to 4% higher for equal access to forests and up to 8% higher for an equal distribution of both income and access to forests.
机译：我研究了异质地分布式环境公益的经济价值如何取决于如何分配这种良好和收入的禀赋。我发现，环境不平等对环境益处的社会愿意（WTP）的影响是由其可替代品确定的，并通过收入的规定相关。具体而言，环境不平等减少了替代品的社会WTP，但如果环境良好是一个补充或强烈地分布富裕家庭，这种效果是逆转的。此外，我展示了生活在环境良好禀赋的地方的富裕家庭增加（减少）社会WTP，如果环境良好是替代（补充）消费商品。我提出了用于控制环境商品空间分布差异的结构效益转移的新型调整因素。利用波兰森林保护作为经验例子，我发现社会WTP对森林的平等获取高达4％，并且相同的收入分布和森林的平等分配高达8％。

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