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Air Pollution Exposure and Covid-19 in Dutch Municipalities

机译：荷兰市的空气污染暴露和Covid-19

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摘要

In light of the existing preliminary evidence of a link between Covid-19 and poor air quality, which is largely based upon correlations, we estimate the relationship between long term air pollution exposure and Covid-19 in 355 municipalities in the Netherlands. Using detailed data we find compelling evidence of a positive relationship between air pollution, and particularly PM2.5 concentrations, and Covid-19 cases, hospital admissions and deaths. This relationship persists even after controlling for a wide range of explanatory variables. Our results indicate that, other things being equal, a municipality with 1 mu g/m(3)more PM2.5 concentrations will have 9.4 more Covid-19 cases, 3.0 more hospital admissions, and 2.3 more deaths. This relationship between Covid-19 and air pollution withstands a number of sensitivity and robustness exercises including instrumenting pollution to mitigate potential endogeneity in the measurement of pollution and modelling spatial spillovers using spatial econometric techniques.
机译：鉴于Covid-19之间的联系的现有初步证据，在很大程度上基于相关性的空气质量之间，我们估计了在荷兰355个市的长期空气污染暴露和Covid-19之间的关系。使用详细数据，我们发现了引人注目的证据证明空气污染，特别是PM2.5浓度，以及Covid-19案件，医院入学和死亡。这种关系甚至在控制广泛的解释性变量之后仍然存在。我们的结果表明，其他事情平等，1门G / M（3）的自治市，更多的PM2.5浓度将有9.4个Covid-19案件，3.0个医院入学，2.3人死亡。 Covid-19与空气污染之间的这种关系可承受许多敏感性和稳健性练习，包括使用空间计量经济学技术测量污染和模拟空间溢出渗透率的潜在内生状度的污染。

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