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How does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Pollution? Toward a Better Understanding of the Direct and Conditional Effects

机译：外商直接投资如何影响污染？更好地理解直接和条件效应

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This paper seeks to investigate the impact of foreign direct investments (FDIs) on industrial pollution ( and BOD emissions) on a large sample of highly heterogeneous countries. By using panel data on manufacturing FDIs from France, Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom between 1995 and 2008, and by developing an empirical model with "first" and "second order" interaction terms, we investigate the existence and the conditionality of the most controversial FDI-induced effects on industrial emissions, i.e., Pollution Haven, Factor Endowments and Pollution Halo hypotheses. The paper has three main findings: (1) the central hypotheses linking pollution to FDI are found to act simultaneously, with opposing effects; (2) FDIs are associated with pollution reduction, i.e., predominating pollution halo induced effect, in countries with low to average capital-to-labour ratio but not too lax environmental regulation; (3) FDIs are found to increase pollution, i.e., prevailing pollution haven and/or factor endowments induced effects, in countries with average capital endowments and lax environmental regulations, as well as in all the capital abundant countries, though with a smaller magnitude in countries having strict environmental regulations and/or a high-skilled labour force. Some specific and interesting findings are discussed regarding different FDI-origin countries and FDI-host country groups.
机译：本文旨在调查大量高度异质性国家中外国直接投资（FDI）对工业污染（和BOD排放）的影响。通过使用1995年至2008年间来自法国，德国，瑞典和英国的制造业FDI的面板数据，并通过建立具有“一阶”和“二阶”相互作用项的经验模型，我们研究了该模型的存在性和条件。最有争议的外国直接投资对工业排放的影响，即污染天堂，要素End赋和污染晕轮假设。该论文有三个主要发现：（1）发现将污染与外国直接投资联系起来的中心假说是同时起作用的，具有相反的作用； （2）外国直接投资与减少污染有关，即在资本劳动比中等或中等但环境监管不太宽松的国家中，主要是污染晕轮效应； （3）在具有平均资本to赋和宽松的环境法规的国家以及所有资本丰富的国家中，发现外国直接投资会增加污染，即普遍的污染天堂和/或要素end赋引起的影响，尽管外国直接投资的规模较小。具有严格的环境法规和/或高技能劳动力的国家。讨论了有关不同外国直接投资来源国和外国直接投资所在国集团的一些具体而有趣的发现。

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