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Attitudes Toward Catastrophe

机译:对灾难的态度

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In light of climate change and other global threats, policy commentators sometimes urge that society should be more concerned about catastrophes. This paper reflects on what society's attitude toward low-probability, high-impact events is, or should be. We first argue that catastrophe risk can be conceived of as a spread in the distribution of losses. Based on this conception, we review studies from decision sciences, psychology, and behavioral economics that explore people's attitudes toward various social risks. Contray to popular belief, we find more evidence against than in favor of catastrophe aversion-the preference for a mean-preserving contraction of the loss distribution-and discuss a number of possible behavioral explanations. Next, we turn to social choice theory and examine how various social welfare functions handle catastrophe risk. We explain why catastrophe aversion may be in conflict with equity concerns and other-regarding preferences. Finally, we discuss current approaches to evaluate and regulate catastrophe risk.
机译:鉴于气候变化和其他全球威胁,政策评论员有时会敦促社会更加关注灾难。本文反映了社会对低概率高影响事件的态度是或应该采取的态度。我们首先认为,巨灾风险可以理解为损失分布中的价差。基于此概念,我们回顾了决策科学,心理学和行为经济学的研究,这些研究探索了人们对各种社会风险的态度。与普遍的看法相反,我们发现有更多的证据表明反对灾难性厌恶,而不是倾向于避免损失分布的均值保持收缩,并讨论了许多可能的行为解释。接下来,我们转向社会选择理论,研究各种社会福利职能如何处理巨灾风险。我们解释了为什么对灾难的厌恶可能会与股权问题和其他方面的偏好发生冲突。最后,我们讨论了评估和调节巨灾风险的当前方法。

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