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David Pearce and the economic valuation of biodiversity

机译：大卫·皮尔斯（David Pearce）与生物多样性的经济价值评估

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David Pearce was a pioneer in the economic valuation of biodiversity. His work powerfully influenced both later economists who worked in the field and natural scientists and practitioners who gained and appreciation of the importance of economics to their efforts. Pearce often applied the paradigm of demonstration followed by appropriation: the values of biodiversity must first be demonstrated to those who make decisions concerning its survival, and then appropriated by them. The later step will be possible when market and policy failures are rectified so as to allow the realization of conservation values. While Pearce wrote extensively on these themes, he was also acutely aware of the limitations of the paradigm. Rosy projections of values that could not be realized and appropriated would be of little practical use, and Pearce often cautioned against excesses of optimism. Yet he also clearly believed that there are compelling, if not always easily demonstrated, reasons for conservation. I argue in this paper that Pearce's seminal work on the valuation of biodiversity cannot be understood without some appreciation of his philosophical perspective. Pearce would have described himself as a pragmatist. However, his pragmatism was grounded in the belief that it is both expedient and ethical to recognize that communities in some of the poorest corners of the world will only conserve biodiversity if they are justly compensated for the sacrifices they must make to do so.
机译：大卫·皮尔斯（David Pearce）是生物多样性经济评估的先驱。他的工作极大地影响了后来从事该领域工作的经济学家以及自然科学家和从业人员，他们自然而然地认识到了经济学对其努力的重要性。皮尔斯（Pearce）经常采用示范范式，然后再进行拨款：首先必须向决定其生存的决策者证明生物多样性的价值，然后再由其使用。当纠正市场和政策失灵以实现保护价值时，可以采取后续步骤。皮尔斯（Pearce）在这些主题上作了广泛的写作时，他也敏锐地意识到了范式的局限性。无法实现和运用的价值的玫瑰色预测几乎没有实际用途，Pearce经常告诫不要过分乐观。然而，他也清楚地相信，即使不是很容易证明，也有令人信服的保护理由。我在本文中认为，如果不对皮尔斯的哲学观点有所了解，就不能理解皮尔斯的开创性工作。皮尔斯会形容自己是一个实用主义者。但是，他的实用主义是基于这样的信念，即认识到世界上一些最贫穷的角落的社区只有为他们为此付出的一切牺牲而得到合理补偿，才能够保护生物多样性，这既是合乎道德的，也是合乎道德的。

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