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Sacred forests of India: a strong tradition of community-based natural resource management

机译：印度的神圣森林：以社区为基础的自然资源管理的悠久传统

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摘要

Sacred forests represent an important long-held tradition of conserving specific land areas that have cultural, and often religious, significance. India, with its diversity of cultures and traditions, has over 100 000 sacred forests. Many of these groves are forest fragments in agricultural landscapes. In most cases, community members are at least aware of these fragments, if not actively involved in their protection and management. This review focuses on the Western Ghats in southern India and Meghalaya state in north-eastern India, both international biodiversity hotspots. In addition to the cultural significance of sacred forests, a number of studies have suggested that they are important refuges for conservation of biological diversity, including medicinal plants, within highly anthropogenic landscapes. Whilst sacred groves have been successful conservation areas, current threats to these forests are numerous, ranging from pressures for use of timber and other forest products to clearing for agriculture or general changes in cultural traditions. A variety of arrangements exist for ownership and management of sacred forests, making it necessary to identify solutions on a case-by-case basis. Support for the continued practice of the tradition of sacred forest protection is needed in order to provide a culturally sensitive model for community-based natural resource management.
机译：神圣的森林是保护具有特殊文化意义（通常是宗教意义）的特定土地领域的长期重要传统。印度有着多元的文化和传统，拥有超过10万的神圣森林。这些小树林中有许多是农业景观中的森林碎片。在大多数情况下，社区成员如果不积极参与其保护和管理，至少会意识到这些碎片。这篇评论的重点是印度南部的西高止山脉和印度东北部的梅加拉亚邦，这两个都是国际生物多样性热点。除了神圣森林的文化意义外，许多研究表明，它们是在高度人为景观内保护生物多样性（包括药用植物）的重要避难所。尽管神圣的小树林已成为成功的保护区，但目前对这些森林的威胁无数，从使用木材和其他林产品的压力到农业的砍伐或传统文化的改变。对于神圣森林的所有权和管理，存在各种安排，因此有必要逐案确定解决方案。为了为基于社区的自然资源管理提供一种文化敏感的模型，需要支持神圣森林保护传统的持续实践。

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