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Magnitude and inferred impacts of the seahorse trade in Latin America

机译：拉丁美洲海马贸易的规模和推断影响

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摘要

Seahorses (genus Hippocampus) are traded globally for use in traditional medicines, souvenirs and as aquarium fishes. Indications that the trade was expanding geographically in response to increasing demand in consuming nations prompted this first study of the seahorse trade in Latin America. In 2000, over 400 people related to the seahorse trade in Mexico, Central America, Ecuador and Peru were interviewed. Customs data and other trade records from these and five additional countries or regions trading seahorses from Latin America were obtained. Dried seahorses were exported by almost every surveyed country at some point in the 1990s, with Ecuador, Peru and Mexico exporting hundreds of kg per year over multiple years, and the latter two nations both exporting tonnes of seahorses at least twice. The live seahorse trade was confined to Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama and Brazil; the last dominating this trade and exporting several thousand seahorses annually. Substantial declines in seahorse abundance, attributed primarily to incidental catches in shrimp trawl fisheries, were reported consistently by respondents in many regions. These data contributed to an Appendix Ⅱ listing on the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora of all seahorses, thereby requiring that the trade be monitored and controlled. Additional conservation measures are needed to address fishing pressure on seahorse populations.
机译：海马（海马属）在全球范围内交易用于传统药物，纪念品和水族馆鱼类。有迹象表明，贸易随着消费国需求的增长而在地理上扩展，这促使人们对拉丁美洲的海马贸易进行了首次研究。 2000年，与墨西哥，中美洲，厄瓜多尔和秘鲁的海马贸易有关的400多人接受了采访。从这些国家以及另外五个在拉丁美洲从事海马贸易的国家或地区获得了海关数据和其他贸易记录。在1990年代的某个时候，几乎每个接受调查的国家都出口了海马，其中厄瓜多尔，秘鲁和墨西哥在多年中每年出口数百公斤，而后两个国家都至少两次出口海马。活海马贸易仅限于哥斯达黎加，墨西哥，巴拿马和巴西；最后一个主导这一贸易，每年出口几千只海马。许多地区的受访者一致报告，海马丰度大幅下降的主要原因是对虾拖网渔业的偶然捕获。这些数据促成了《所有海马濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》的附录Ⅱ清单，因此需要对贸易进行监测和控制。需要采取额外的保护措施来应对捕捞对海马种群造成的压力。

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