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Riverine flood plains: present state and future trends

机译：河流泛滥平原：现状和未来趋势

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Natural flood plains are among the most biologically productive and diverse ecosystems on earth. Globally, riverine flood plains cover > 2 X 10~6 km~2, however, they are among the most threatened ecosystems. Floodplain degradation is closely linked to the rapid decline in freshwater biodiversity; the main reasons for the latter being habitat alteration, flow and flood control, species invasion and pollution. In Europe and North America, up to 90% of flood plains are already 'cultivated' and therefore functionally extinct. In the developing world, the remaining natural flood plains are disappearing at an accelerating rate, primarily as a result of changing hydrology. Up to the 2025 time horizon, the future increase of human population will lead to further degradation of riparian areas, intensification of the hydrological cycle, increase in the discharge of pollutants, and further proliferation of species invasions. In the near future, the most threatened flood plains will be those in south-east Asia, Sahelian Africa and North America. There is an urgent need to preserve existing, intact flood plain rivers as strategic global resources and to begin to restore hydrologic dynamics, sediment transport and riparian vegetation to those rivers that retain some level of ecological integrity. Otherwise, dramatic extinctions of aquatic and riparian species and of ecosystem services are faced within the next few decades.
机译：天然洪泛区是地球上生物生产力最高，种类最多的生态系统之一。在全球范围内，河流泛滥平原覆盖面积> 2 X 10〜6 km〜2，但它们是受威胁最大的生态系统之一。洪泛区的退化与淡水生物多样性的迅速减少密切相关；后者的主要原因是栖息地的改变，流量和防洪，物种入侵和污染。在欧洲和北美，高达90％的洪泛区已经被“耕种”，因此在功能上已经灭绝。在发展中国家，主要由于水文状况的变化，剩余的自然洪泛平原正在加速消失。到2025年，未来的人口增长将导致河岸地区进一步退化，水文循环加剧，污染物排放增加以及物种入侵进一步扩散。在不久的将来，最受威胁的洪泛区将是东南亚，撒哈拉以南非洲和北美的那些。迫切需要保存现有的完整洪泛河作为战略性全球资源，并开始恢复那些保持一定生态完整性的河流的水文动力，沉积物运输和河岸植被。否则，在未来几十年内，水生和河岸物种以及生态系统服务将面临巨大的灭绝。

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