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Ecological outcomes and popular perceptions of urban restored forests in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

机译：巴西里约热内卢城市恢复森林的生态结果和公众看法

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摘要

Ecological restoration is suggested as a tool to mitigate environmental problems caused by urbanization, but its utility may be hampered by conflict between ecological design and neighbouring communities' needs. We explore this issue by comparing vegetation diversity and structure in a 21-year-old urban reforestation project in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, with a nearby reference forest, and we assessed popular perceptions about the project. Overall, density and basal area of canopy trees in the restoration plantation reached 73% and 46%, respectively, of the values found in the reference forest, but ground cover by exotic grasses was substantially higher in the planted forest. Rarefied species richness was similarly high in the plantation forest (59 species) and in the remnant forest (69 species), but species composition was markedly different. The human legacy on restoration diminished with time, reflected in the higher proportion of species and individuals of late-successional, native and not-planted species in the seedling community of the plantation forest. While community perceptions of reforestation were positive and both use and non-use values were reported, interviewees reported little involvement in the development of the project, which could have contributed to synergies between ecological and social outcomes.
机译：有人建议将生态恢复作为缓解城市化引起的环境问题的工具，但其实用性可能会因生态设计与邻近社区需求之间的冲突而受到阻碍。我们通过比较巴西里约热内卢市一个具有21年历史的城市造林项目中的植被多样性和结构，以及附近的参考林，探索了这个问题，并评估了对该项目的普遍看法。总体而言，恢复人工林中冠层树木的密度和基础面积分别达到参考林中发现的值的73％和46％，但在人工林中被奇异草覆盖的地基要高得多。人工林（59种）和残存森林（69种）的稀有物种丰富度同样较高，但物种组成明显不同。恢复的人类遗产随着时间的流逝而减少，这反映在人工林幼苗社区中，晚继生，本地和未种植物种的物种和个体比例更高。尽管社区对植树造林的看法是积极的，并且报告了使用价值和非使用价值，但受访者报告称很少参与项目的开发，这可能有助于生态和社会成果之间的协同作用。

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