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Have tropical deforestation's changing dynamics created conservation opportunities? A historical analysis

机译：热带森林砍伐的动态变化是否创造了保护机会？历史分析

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摘要

During the past century, humans converted extensive areas of tropical forest into cultivated lands. Three distinct processes, each predominant during a different historical period, have driven the destruction of the forests. This review describes each of these deforestation dynamics: natural resource degrading poverty traps that predominated during the colonial era, new land settlement schemes that prevailed for two decades after decolonization, and finally, financialized, large enterprise dynamics that have predominated during the past quarter century. Each dynamic has, over time, given rise to different opportunities for conservation. Peasants emigrated from the sites of the poverty traps, and regrowth began to cover these degraded landscapes. Smallholders in the new land settlement areas became better acquainted with tropical tree species and allowed some trees to recolonize their fields, creating silvopastoral and agroforested landscapes. The heads of large enterprises relied on credit to clear land, so government regulators found that they could curb corporate-led deforestation by restricting access to credit when landowners failed to comply with laws against forest clearing. These links between deforestation's dynamics during past eras and conservation policies during the present era illustrate how a historical understanding of tropical deforestation can provide the basis for effective conservation policies.
机译：在过去的一个世纪中，人类将广阔的热带森林地区变成了耕地。在不同的历史时期中占主导地位的三个不同过程，导致了森林的破坏。这篇评论描述了每一种森林砍伐动态：在殖民时代占主导地位的自然资源退化的贫困陷阱，在非殖民化后的二十年中普遍使用的新土地安置计划，最后是在过去的四分之一世纪主导的金融化大型企业动态。随着时间的流逝，每种动态都会带来不同的保护机会。农民从贫困陷阱的地方移民，然后长大后开始覆盖这些退化的景观。在新的土地定居区的小农户对热带树木种类有了更深的了解，并允许一些树木重新定殖其田地，创造了牧草和农林景观。大型企业的负责人依靠信贷来清理土地，因此政府监管机构发现，当土地所有者不遵守反砍伐森林的法律时，他们可以通过限制信贷的获取来遏制企业主导的森林砍伐。过去时代的森林砍伐动态与当今时代的保护政策之间的这些联系说明了对热带森林砍伐的历史了解如何可以为有效的保护政策提供基础。

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