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Economic-ecological evaluation of temporary biodiversity offsets in Alberta's boreal forest

机译：艾伯塔省北方森林中临时生物多样性补偿的经济生态评估

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摘要

To conserve biodiversity on forest landscapes, it is necessary to understand how incentives in an offset market affect the dynamics of habitat loss and restoration. In this study, a model of firm behaviour in a temporary biodiversity offset market is developed to understand the impact of offset rules on the dynamics of land use and offset policy costs and benefits for Alberta's boreal forest. Policy treatments include eligibility rules for restoration versus avoided loss; time lags for crediting restoration benefits; and geographic trading restrictions. The analysis highlights the assumptions and trade-offs embedded in offset principles such as additionality. Restoration-based policies, which require biodiversity benefits to be established prior to development, are over 200 times more costly than policies that include avoided loss. Geographic trading restrictions result in a significant redistribution of policy costs and ecological risks between regions, with little impact on aggregate policy costs and benefits. Including avoided loss results in a decline in biodiversity intactness by 2% to 2.2% compared to a decline of 3.6% under a no-offset policy. Increasing time lags for crediting restoration to match ecological recovery trajectories reduces restoration effort when policies include both restoration and avoided loss.
机译：为了保护森林景观上的生物多样性，有必要了解补偿市场中的激励措施如何影响生境丧失和恢复的动力。在这项研究中，建立了一个在临时生物多样性补偿市场中的公司行为模型，以了解补偿规则对土地使用动态的影响以及补偿政策成本和艾伯塔省北方森林的收益。政策处理包括恢复与避免损失的资格规则；计入恢复福利的时间滞后；和地理交易限制。该分析突出了诸如附加性之类的抵消原则中所包含的假设和取舍。基于恢复的政策要求在开发之前就确立生物多样性的利益，其成本要比包括避免损失的政策高200倍以上。地理贸易限制导致区域之间政策成本和生态风险的重大重新分配，而对总体政策成本和收益的影响很小。包括避免损失在内，导致生物多样性完整度下降了2％，达到2.2％，而无抵销政策下的下降了3.6％。当政策既包括恢复又避免损失时，将恢复归功于生态恢复轨迹的时间滞后会减少恢复工作。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Conservation》 |2015年第4期|315-324|共10页
  • 作者

    MARIAN WEBER; GRANT HAUER; DAN FARR;

  • 作者单位

    Alberta Innovates Technology Futures, 250 Karl Clark Road, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6N 1E4;

    Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology, University of Alberta, 515 General Services Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H1;

    Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute, University of Alberta, CW 405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Alberta; boreal forest; biodiversity conservation; Canada; forest policy; offset market;

    机译：艾伯塔省;针叶林;生物多样性保护;加拿大;森林政策;抵消市场;

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