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Evaluation of the hydrochemical evolution characteristics and renewable capacity of deep fresh groundwater in the Hangzhou Bay New Zone, China

机译：杭州湾新区深层淡水地下水化学演化特征及可再生能力评价

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摘要

The deep fresh groundwater in the Hangzhou Bay New Zone lies in a confined aquifer. The roof of the freshwater layer is 80-110-m deep, and its average thickness is 22 m. Freshwater occupies the downstream portion of the aquifer structure, while saline water occupies the upstream portion of the aquifer structure; this rare freshwater distribution characteristic causes widespread concern. Based on the hydrogeological conditions of the study area, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of groundwater in the Hangzhou Bay New Zone are researched by analyzing the hydrochemical characteristics and isotope tracing results of water samples. Furthermore, the formation mechanism of the fresh groundwater and its renewal capacity are evaluated. The results show that (1) the groundwater chemical type is influenced by the total dissolved solids (TDS). With an increase in the TDS of the groundwater, the main anions in the groundwater evolve from HCO3- to Cl-, and the major cations evolve from Ca2+ and Mg2+ to Na+. (2) The hydrogeological conditions, the hydrochemistry evolution characteristics, and the H-2, O-18, and H-3 characteristics of the groundwater indicate that the freshwater does not receive a supplement of modern water and that no hydraulic connection exists between different layers. (3) According to H-3 and C-14 dating, the formation period of deep fresh groundwater and saline water in the study area was 13.0-17.9 Ka.B.P, and, 10.6-15.6 ka.B.P (the late Pleistocene), respectively. It is predicted that the fresh groundwater is the continental sedimentary water buried in the Pleistocene, as a result of sealing the well-isolated original sedimentary fresh water because of direct upstream infiltration and downstream salinization in the late transgression (mainly ice transgression in the later stage). (4) The fresh groundwater has little renewable capacity due to the absence of recharge sources.
机译：杭州湾新区的深层地下水位于封闭的含水层中。淡水层的屋顶深80-110-m，平均厚度为22 m。淡水占据了含水层结构的下游部分，而盐水则占据了含水层结构的上游部分。这种罕见的淡水分布特征引起了广泛关注。根据研究区的水文地质条件，通过分析水样的水化学特征和同位素示踪结果，研究了杭州湾新区地下水的时空演化特征。此外，评估了淡水的形成机理及其更新能力。结果表明：（1）地下水化学类型受总溶解固体（TDS）的影响。随着地下水TDS的增加，地下水中的主要阴离子从HCO3-演变为Cl-，主要阳离子从Ca2 +和Mg2 +演变为Na +。 （2）地下水的水文地质条件，水化学演化特征以及H-2，O-18和H-3特征表明，淡水没有得到现代水的补充，而且不同水之间没有水力联系。层。 （3）根据H-3和C-14测年，研究区深层淡水和盐水的形成时期为13.0-17.9 Ka.BP，10.6-15.6 ka.BP（晚更新世），分别。据预测，淡水是埋藏在更新世的大陆沉积水，这是由于海侵后期（主要是后期的海侵）的直接上游入渗和下游盐渍化封闭了良好隔离的原始沉积淡水的结果。 ）。 （4）由于缺乏补给源，淡水的可再生能力很小。

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