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Valuation of ecological impacts — a regional approach using the ecological footprint concept

机译：评估生态影响–使用生态足迹概念的区域方法

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摘要

All economic activities impact on the environment but not all environmental impacts are assigned values and taken into consideration in development budgets. At project level, the environmental consequences of proposed economic activities have to be evaluated by conducting an environmental impact assessment. Threshold levels in physical terms are outlined in corresponding laws and regulations. Projects fulfilling the necessary environmental assessment requirements (threshold levels) tend to be permitted without predicting the expected environmental impacts in monetary terms. The economic valuation of environmental impacts tends to be affected by uncertainties. The following example of indirect monetary valuation of environmental impacts uses the Ecological Footprint (EF) concept to calculate the total land use of projects. According to the strong sustainability concept it is assumed that every additional direct or indirect utilisation of land caused by a project requires corresponding offset areas. The offset areas required by different project alternatives are valued with relevant regional guide land values.
机译：所有经济活动都对环境产生影响，但并非所有环境影响都被赋予值并在开发预算中予以考虑。在项目级别，必须通过进行环境影响评估来评估拟议经济活动的环境后果。物理阈值级别在相应的法律和法规中有概述。满足必要的环境评估要求（阈值水平）的项目往往被允许，而无需以货币形式预测预期的环境影响。环境影响的经济价值往往受到不确定性的影响。以下是对环境影响进行间接货币估值的示例，其中使用了生态足迹（EF）概念来计算项目的土地总使用量。根据强烈的可持续性概念，假设项目引起的每一次额外的直接或间接土地利用都需要相应的补偿区域。不同项目替代方案要求的补偿面积以相关的地区指南土地价值进行评估。

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