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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Management >The Establishment of Marine Protected Areas in Senegal: Untangling the Interactions Between International Institutions and National Actors
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The Establishment of Marine Protected Areas in Senegal: Untangling the Interactions Between International Institutions and National Actors

机译：在塞内加尔建立海洋保护区：理清国际机构与国家行为者之间的相互作用

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摘要

International institutions, understood as sets of rules contained in international agreements, are aimed at orienting national governments towards specific policy options. Nevertheless, they can determine a change in national policies and practices only if states are willing and capable of incorporating international obligations into their national legislations and ensuring their application and enforcement in areas that follow completely under national jurisdiction. The establishment of marine protected areas promoted by international agreements as a tool for the protection of marine resources represents an interesting case for revealing the complex interactions between international institutions and national actors. Particularly, the establishment of these areas in Senegal shows the salience of domestic constellations of actors who may support or undercut national commitments to international regimes: political elites, bureaucracies, the general public and target groups. By anchoring the empirical analysis to an actor-centred institutionalist perspective, the article explains how dynamic constellations of actors can distort the penetration of international objectives in the national policy framework. Different constellations of national actors can indeed bend international institutions at different moments: during the formulation of a new law in line with international obligations; in the definition of its implementation framework; and in the enforcement of national policies.
机译：国际机构被理解为国际协议中包含的一系列规则，旨在使各国政府针对特定的政策选择。但是，只有在国家愿意且有能力将国际义务纳入其国家立法并确保其在完全属于国家管辖范围内的地区实施和执行时，他们才能确定国家政策和做法的变化。由国际协定促进建立的海洋保护区，作为保护海洋资源的工具，是揭示国际机构与国家行为者之间复杂相互作用的一个有趣案例。特别是，在塞内加尔建立这些地区显示出了可能支持或削弱国家对国际制度的承诺的行动者的国内群体的显着性：政治精英，官僚机构，公众和目标群体。通过将实证分析锚定在以行为者为中心的制度主义观点上，本文解释了行为者的动态群将如何扭曲国际目标在国家政策框架中的渗透。实际上，不同国家的行为者群可以在不同时刻扭曲国际机构：在制定符合国际义务的新法律期间；在其实施框架的定义中；以及执行国家政策。

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