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Construction Simplicity and Cost as Selection Criteria Between Two Types of Constructed Wetlands Treating Highway Runoff

机译：两种人工湿地处理公路径流的施工简便性和成本作为选择标准

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Two free water surface (FWS) and two subsurface flow (SSF) pilot-size wetlands were constructed for the evaluation of their performance in treating highway runoff (HRO) in the heart of the Mediterranean region, the island of Crete, at the southernmost point of Greece. Detailed recordings of the resources involved during the construction allowed a thorough calculation of the cost of the systems and the requirements in materials, man-hours, and equipment. The two identical FWS systems had a surface area of 33 m~2 each, while the two identical SSF covered 32 m~2 each. One FWS and one SSF, named FWS12 and SSF12, respectively, were designed with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h, with each one capable of treating a maximum HRO of 12.6 m~3/day. The other couple, named FWS24 and SSF24, respectively, was designed with an HRT of 24 h, with each receiving a maximum HRO of 6.3m~3/days. An influent storage tank was required to hold the runoff during the common storm events and control the flow rate (and the hydraulic retention time) into the wetlands. This construction represented 25% of the total construction cost, while 5% was spent on the influent automated (and sun-powered) control and distribution system, from the storage tank to the wetlands. The respective total cost allocated to the two SSF systems (€14,676) was approximately 10% higher than that of the FWS (€13,596), mainly due to the three different-sizedrngravel layers used in the SSF substrate compared to the topsoil used in the FWS, which tripled the cost and placement time. The Total Annual Economic Cost (TAEC) was €1799/year and €1847/year for the FWS and SSF pair, respectively. TAEC was also used to compare the economic efficiency of the systems per cubic meter of HRO treated and kilograms of COD and TSS removed from the wetlands during their first operational year. Based on these estimations, FWS12 recorded the lowest TAEC_(COD) and TAEC_(TSS) values (€89.09/kg and €43.69/kg, respectively) compared to the other three systems, presenting a more economically favorable option.
机译：建造了两个自由水面（FWS）和两个地下水流（SSF）中试规模的湿地，以评估它们在地中海地区中心克里特岛最南端处理高速公路径流（HRO）的性能。希腊。施工过程中涉及的资源的详细记录可以对系统的成本以及材料，工时和设备的要求进行全面的计算。两个相同的FWS系统的表面积分别为33 m〜2，而两个相同的SSF的表面积分别为32 m〜2。设计了一个FWS和一个SSF，分别命名为FWS12和SSF12，其水力停留时间（HRT）为12 h，每一个能够处理的最大HRO为12.6 m〜3 / day。另一对分别命名为FWS24和SSF24，其HRT为24 h，每对最大HRO为6.3m〜3 / day。在常见的暴风雨事件中，需要一个进水储罐来保持径流并控制流入湿地的流量（和水力停留时间）。这项建设占总建设成本的25％，而5％则用于从储罐到湿地的自动化（和太阳能供电）进水控制和分配系统。分配给两个SSF系统的总成本（14,676欧元）比FWS（13,596欧元）高约10％，这主要是由于SSF基板中使用的三个不同尺寸的砾石层与FSF中使用的表土相比FWS，使成本和放置时间增加了三倍。 FWS和SSF对的年度总经济成本（TAEC）分别为1799欧元/年和1847欧元/年。 TAEC还用于比较每立方米经过HRO处理的系统的经济效益，以及在运行第一年从湿地中去除的千克COD和TSS。根据这些估算，与其他三个系统相比，FWS12记录的最低TAEC_（COD）和TAEC_（TSS）值（分别为89.09欧元/千克和43.69欧元/千克），是一个更经济的选择。

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