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Water Consumption in the Production of Ethanol and Petroleum Gasoline

机译：乙醇和石油汽油生产中的耗水量

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摘要

We assessed current water consumption during liquid fuel production, evaluating major steps of fuel life-cycle for five fuel pathways: bioethanol from corn, bio-ethanol from cellulosic feedstocks, gasoline from U.S. conventional crude obtained from onshore wells, gasoline from Saudi Arabian crude, and gasoline from Canadian oil sands. Our analysis revealed that the amount of irrigation water used to grow biofuel feedstocks varies significantly from one region to another and that water consumption for biofuel production varies with processing technology. In oil exploration and production, water consumption depends on the source and location of crude, the recovery technology, and the amount of produced water re-injected for oil recovery. Our results also indicate that crop irrigation is the most important factor determining water consumption in the production of corn ethanol. Nearly 70% of U.S. corn used for ethanol is produced in regions where 10-17 liters of water are consumed to produce one liter of ethanol. Ethanol production plants are less water intensive and there is a downward trend in water consumption. Water requirements for switchgrass ethanol production vary from 1.9 to 9.8 liters for each liter of ethanol produced. We found that water is consumed at a rate of 2.8-6.6 liters for each liter of gasoline produced for more than 90% of crude oil obtained from conventional onshore sources in the U.S. and more than half of crude oil imported from Saudi Arabia. For more than 55% of crude oil from Canadian oil sands, about 5.2 liters of water are consumed for each liter of gasoline produced. Our analysis highlighted the vitalrnimportance of water management during the feedstock production and conversion stage of the fuel lifecycle.
机译：我们评估了液体燃料生产期间的当前用水量，评估了五种燃料途径的燃料生命周期的主要步骤：玉米中的生物乙醇，纤维素原料中的生物乙醇，陆上油井中的美国常规原油中的汽油，沙特阿拉伯原油中的汽油，和加拿大油砂中的汽油。我们的分析表明，用于种植生物燃料原料的灌溉水量在一个地区与另一个地区之间存在很大差异，而用于生物燃料生产的用水量随加工技术的不同而不同。在石油勘探和生产中，水的消耗量取决于原油的来源和位置，开采技术以及为注入石油而重新注入的采出水量。我们的结果还表明，农作物灌溉是决定玉米乙醇生产中耗水量的最重要因素。美国约有70％的用于乙醇的玉米生产在消耗10-17升水以生产一升乙醇的地区。乙醇生产厂的水耗较少，用水量呈下降趋势。每生产一升乙醇，柳枝ethanol生产乙醇所需的水量从1.9升至9.8升不等。我们发现，从美国常规陆上资源获取的90％以上的原油和从沙特阿拉伯进口的一半以上的原油中，每生产一升汽油所消耗的水量为2.8-6.6升。对于加拿大油砂中超过55％的原油，每生产一升汽油消耗约5.2升水。我们的分析突显了在燃料生命周期的原料生产和转化阶段，水管理至关重要。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental Management》 |2009年第5期|981-997|共17页
  • 作者

    May Wu; Marianne Mintz; Michael Wang; Salil Arora;

  • 作者单位

    Center for Transportation Research, Energy Systems Division,Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue,Lemont, IL 60439, USA;

    Center for Transportation Research, Energy Systems Division,Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue,Lemont, IL 60439, USA;

    Center for Transportation Research, Energy Systems Division,Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue,Lemont, IL 60439, USA;

    Center for Transportation Research, Energy Systems Division,Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue,Lemont, IL 60439, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    water consumption; corn ethanol; cellulosic; oil sands; conventional oil; feedstock; fuel production;

    机译：耗水量玉米乙醇纤维素油砂;常规油;原料;燃料生产;

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