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Current and Future Strategies for Water and Wastewater Management of Istanbul City

机译：伊斯坦布尔市水和废水管理的当前和未来策略

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摘要

Istanbul has experienced rapid increases in population to more than 12 million people, which has created infrastructure problems of water supply and wastewater treatment and disposal. In this article, the achievements and approaches of the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (ISKI) to solve the water shortage problem and to improve services are summarized. Istanbul had a very severe water shortage problem in 1994 because of ignorance of the implementation of the needed projects. After reviewing the reasons and causes of the problem, new priority criteria adopted after 1994 are given. Following the implementation of the projects determined according to the aforementioned criteria, water supplied has exceeded the water demand. The added capacity is equal to one to three times of the capacity built up to 1994 for water treatment, service reservoirs, pumping stations, transmission lines, and the water distribution network; water quality has been improved the meet local and international potable water standards. Unaccounted for water has been reduced from 60% to 27%. The percentage of treated wastewater has been increased from 10% to 90% in 8 years, resulting in drastic improvements and rehabilitation of the Golden Horn and coastal water quality. Through improved customer services, complaints were reduced from 33% in 1994 to 0.3%. Some of the main criteria and the approaches behind this success are summarized.
机译：伊斯坦布尔的人口迅速增长，超过1200万人，这给供水，废水处理和处置造成了基础设施问题。本文总结了伊斯坦布尔水和污水处理局（ISKI）在解决缺水问题和改善服务方面的成就和方法。由于对所需项目的执行无知，伊斯坦布尔在1994年出现了非常严重的水资源短缺问题。在回顾了问题的原因和原因之后，给出了1994年以后采用的新的优先标准。在按照上述标准确定的项目实施之后，供水已超过了用水需求。增加的容量等于到1994年为止用于水处理，服务水库，泵站，输电线路和水分配网络的容量的1-3倍；水质得到了改善，符合当地和国际饮用水标准。未计入水量已从60％减少至27％。经过8年的努力，已处理废水的百分比已从10％增加到90％，从而极大地改善了金角湾并改善了沿海地区的水质。通过改善客户服务，投诉从1994年的33％减少到0.3％。总结了此成功背后的一些主要标准和方法。

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