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Multivariate assessment of spatial and temporal variations in irrigation water quality in Lake Uluabat watershed of Turkey

机译：土耳其湖乌鲁瓦特水域灌溉水质空间和时间变化的多元评估

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摘要

Irrigation water quality has important implications on salinity, ion toxicity, production cost, and crop failures. There is a need for a comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics in parameters at a watershed scale. This information is critical for irrigation management in agricultural production. The Lake Uluabat watershed is a significant agricultural area of Turkey, which is studied using monitored water data. Multivariate assessment is performed using cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA), principal component analysis (PCA), and factor analysis (FA) to evaluate temporal and spatial variations in water quality in the watershed. The data is processed by clustering, reducing data dimensionality, delineating indicator parameters, assessing source identification, and evaluating temporal changes and spatial patterns. The results show that the most representative discriminant parameters had more than 90.98% validity in both temporal and spatial analyses. Runoff rate (Q) and water temperature (WT) were identified in the temporal study, while spatial analysis showed bicarbonate (HCO3-), sulfate (SO42-), and boron (B3+) as indicators. Salinity, sodicity, boron hazard, and alkalinity affect both spatial and temporal water quality patterns in the watershed. It is observed that continued use of poor-quality irrigation water can adversely affect agriculture and soil health in a watershed. Spatio-temporal relationships in parameters will be useful in sustainable irrigation management and farm planning for improving crop productivity and soil health.
机译：灌溉水质对盐度，离子毒性，生产成本和作物失败具有重要意义。有必要在流域规模中全面分析参数中的空间和时间动态。这些信息对于农业生产中的灌溉管理至关重要。乌鲁瓦特湖流域是土耳其的一个重要农业领域，使用受监控的水数据研究。使用聚类分析（CA），判别分析（DA），主成分分析（PCA）以及因子分析（FA）来进行多变量评估，以评估流域水质的时间和空间变化。数据是通过聚类，减少数据维度，描绘指示符参数，评估源识别和评估时间变化和空间模式的处理数据。结果表明，最具代表性的判别参数在时间和空间分析中有超过90.98％的有效性。在时间研究中鉴定了径流率（Q）和水温（WT），而空间分析显示碳酸氢盐（HCO3-），硫酸盐（SO 42-）和硼（B3 +）作为指标。盐度，钠度，硼危害和碱度影响流域中的空间和颞下水质模式。据观察，持续使用劣质灌溉水可能会对流域的农业和土壤健康产生不利影响。参数中的时空关系将可用于可持续灌溉管理和农场规划，以改善作物生产力和土壤健康。

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