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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Monitoring and Assessment >Occurrence and spatial distribution of pesticide residues in butter and ghee (clarified butter fat) in Punjab (India)
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Occurrence and spatial distribution of pesticide residues in butter and ghee (clarified butter fat) in Punjab (India)

机译：印度旁遮普邦的黄油和酥油（澄清的黄油脂肪）中农药残留的发生和空间分布

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摘要

The present study was undertaken to monitor organochlorine, organophosphate, and synthetic pyrethroid pesticide residues in butter (n = 55) and ghee (n = 56) samples collected from three different regions of Punjab. The estimation of pesticide residues was done by multiple residue analytical technique using gas chromatography equipped with GC-ECD and GC-FTD. The confirmation of residues was done on gas chromatography mass spectrometry in both selective ion monitoring (SIM) and scan mode. Results indicated the presence of hexacholorocyclohexane (HCH) and p,p' DDE as predominant contaminant in both butter and ghee. Residues of HCH were detected in 25 and 23 % samples of butter and ghee, respectively, while residues of p, p' DDE were recorded in 29 and 25 % of butter and ghee samples, respectively. None of the butter and ghee sample violated the MRL values of 200 ng g(-1) for HCH and 1250 ng g(-1) for dichorodiphenyl tricholorethane (DDT). The presence of endosulfan, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin, and chlorpyrifos were observed in a few butter and ghee samples at traces. The spatial variation for comparative occurrence of pesticide residues indicated higher levels in the south-western region of Punjab. Additionally, the temporal variation indicated the significant reduction of HCH and DDT levels in butter and ghee in Punjab.
机译：本研究旨在监测从旁遮普邦三个不同地区采集的黄油（n = 55）和酥油（n = 56）样品中的有机氯，有机磷酸盐和合成拟除虫菊酯农药残留。农药残留的估算是通过使用GC-ECD和GC-FTD的气相色谱法通过多残留分析技术进行的。残留物的确认是通过气相色谱质谱法在选择性离子监控（SIM）和扫描模式下进行的。结果表明在黄油和酥油中均存在六氯环己烷（HCH）和p，p'DDE作为主要污染物。分别在25％和23％的黄油和酥油样品中检测出六氯环己烷残留，而在29％和25％的黄油和酥油样品中分别记录了p，p'DDE残留。黄油和酥油样品均没有违反六氯环己烷200克g（-1）和二氯二苯三氯乙烷（DDT）1250 ng g（-1）的MRL值。在少量黄油和酥油样品中发现了硫丹，氯氰菊酯，氰戊菊酯，溴氰菊酯和毒死rif的踪迹。农药残留比较发生的空间变化表明，旁遮普西南地区的农药残留水平较高。此外，时间上的变化表明旁遮普邦黄油和酥油中六氯环己烷和滴滴涕的含量大大降低。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Monitoring and Assessment》 |2016年第2期|100.1-100.7|共7页
  • 作者

    Bedi J. S.; Gill J. P. S.; Aulakh R. S.; Kaur Prabhjit;

  • 作者单位

    Guru Angad Dev Vet & Anim Sci Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Zoonoses, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India;

    Guru Angad Dev Vet & Anim Sci Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Zoonoses, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India;

    Guru Angad Dev Vet & Anim Sci Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Zoonoses, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India;

    Guru Angad Dev Vet & Anim Sci Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Zoonoses, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Butter; Ghee; Pesticides residues; Punjab; India;

    机译：黄油;酥油;农药残留;旁遮普邦;印度;

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