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The Behavior And Effects Of Nanoparticles In The Environment

机译：纳米粒子在环境中的行为和影响

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摘要

The behavior and effects of nanoparticles in the environment have up to now been a field where the research was done based on a precautionary approach: what would happen if nanoparticles get into the environment? What would they do there and how would they affect organisms? The occurrence of engineered nanoparticles in the environment has been assumed because "given the increasing production of nanomaterials of all types, the potential for their release in the environment and subsequent effects on ecosystem health is becoming an increasing concern" (Klaine et al., 2008). This assumption, albeit well-based on the experience obtained with other pollutants (Kohler and Som, 2008), has governed the field of environmental effects of nanoparticles. However, this has changed now: the first report about the detection of an engineered nanoparticle in the environment is now available: Kaegi et al. (2008) have shown that nano-TiO_2 is leached out of house facades to which nano-TiO_2 containing paint has been applied. They traced the particles from the house facades into receiving waters and found concentrations in the range of a few μg/L titanium in a small stream. These concentrations lie within the range of nano-TiO_2 predicted by Mueller and Nowack (2008) in their exposure modeling of engineered nanoparticles for the water compartment. These authors have used the available knowledge about nanoparticle production and use in different products and information on the product life cycles to model the environmental concentrations of nanoparticles in water, air and soil. The two studies by Kaegi et al. (2008) and Mueller and Nowack (2008) have lifted the discussion about nanoparticles and the environment onto a new and much more quantitative level. For the first time we can be absolutely sure that at least some nanoparticles actually end up in the environment and we also have first ideas about the expected concentrations.
机译：迄今为止，纳米颗粒在环境中的行为和影响一直是基于预防性方法进行研究的领域：如果纳米颗粒进入环境会怎样？他们在那里会做些什么并对生物产生影响？由于“鉴于各种类型的纳米材料的生产不断增加，它们在环境中释放的可能性以及对生态系统健康的后续影响，这种日益增长的关注”已经引起人们的关注（Klaine等，2008）。 ）。该假设尽管是基于与其他污染物获得的经验（Kohler and Som，2008），但已很好地支配了纳米颗粒对环境的影响。但是，现在情况已经发生了变化：有关环境中工程纳米粒子检测的第一份报告现已发布：Kaegi等。 （2008年）表明，纳米TiO_2是从房屋外墙浸出的，而房屋外墙已应用了含纳米TiO_2的涂料。他们追踪了房屋外墙的颗粒进入接收水，并发现一小股钛中的浓度范围为几微克/升。这些浓度在Mueller和Nowack（2008）对水室工程纳米颗粒的暴露模型中预测的纳米TiO_2范围内。这些作者利用了有关纳米粒子生产和在不同产品中的使用的现有知识以及有关产品生命周期的信息，以模拟水，空气和土壤中纳米粒子的环境浓度。 Kaegi等人的两项研究。 （2008）以及Mueller和Nowack（2008）将关于纳米颗粒和环境的讨论提升到了一个新的，更加定量的水平。第一次，我们可以绝对确定至少有一些纳米粒子确实存在于环境中，并且我们对预期的浓度也有了初步的认识。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Pollution》 |2009年第4期|p.1063-1064|共2页
  • 作者

    B. Nowac;

  • 作者单位

    Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境污染及其防治;
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