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Effect of zinc fertilization on cadmium toxicity in durum and bread wheat grown in zinc-deficient soil

机译：锌肥对缺锌土壤中硬粒小麦和面包小麦镉毒性的影响

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摘要

The effect of increasing application of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) on shoot dry weight and shoot concentrations of Zn and Cd was studied in bread and durum wheat cultivars. Plants were grown in severely Zn-deficient calcareous soil treated with increasing Zn (0 and 10 mg kg~(-1) soil) and Cd (0, 10 and 25 mg kg~(-1) soil) and harvested after 35 and 65 days of growth under greenhouse conditions. Growing plants without Zn fertilization caused severe depression in shoot growth, especially in durum wheat and at high Cd treatment. Cadmium treatments resulted in rapid development of necrotic patches on the base and sheath parts of the oldest leaves of both wheat cultivars, but symptoms were more severe in durum wheat and under Zn deficiency. Decreases in shoot dry weight from increasing Cd application were more severe in Zn-deficient plants. Severity of Cd toxicity symptoms in durum and bread wheat at different Zn treatments did not show any relation to the Cd concentrations in shoot. Increasing Cd application to Zn-deficient plants tended to decrease Zn concentrations in Zn-deficient plants, whereas in plants with adequate Zn, concentrations of Zn were either not affected or increased by Cd. The results show that durum wheat was more sensitive to both Zn deficiency and Cd toxicity as compared to bread wheat. Cadmium toxicity in the shoot was alleviated by Zn treatment, but this was not accompanied by a corresponding decrease in shoot concentrations of Cd. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that Zn protects plants from Cd toxicity by improving plant defense against Cd-induced oxidative stress and by competing with Cd for binding to critical cell constituents such as enzymes and membrane protein and lipids.
机译：研究了面包和硬粒小麦品种中锌（Zn）和镉（Cd）的增加施用对茎干重量以及Zn和Cd茎浓度的影响。在生长严重的锌缺乏的石灰质土壤上生长植物，并用增加的Zn（0和10 mg kg〜（-1）土壤）和Cd（0、10和25 mg kg〜（-1）土壤）处理，并在35和65之后收获在温室条件下的生长天数。没有锌肥的生长中的植物会导致芽生长严重降低，特别是硬粒小麦和高镉处理。镉处理导致两个小麦品种最老叶的基部和鞘部坏死斑块迅速发展，但硬粒小麦和缺锌条件下的症状更为严重。缺乏锌的植物中，镉的增加导致茎干重量的降低更为严重。硬粒小麦和面包小麦在不同锌处理条件下的镉毒性症状严重程度与枝条中的镉含量没有任何关系。在缺锌植物中增加Cd的施用量往往会降低缺锌植物中的Zn浓度，而在具有足够Zn的植物中，Zn的浓度不受镉的影响或增加。结果表明，硬粒小麦与面包小麦相比，对锌缺乏和镉毒性更敏感。锌处理减轻了芽中镉的毒性，但这并未伴随芽中Cd浓度的相应降低。我们的结果与以下假设相吻合：锌可通过改善植物对Cd诱导的氧化胁迫的防御能力，并与Cd竞争结合关键的细胞成分（例如酶，膜蛋白和脂质）来保护植物免受Cd毒性的影响。

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