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Long-term trends of surface-water mercury and methylmercury concentrations downstream of historic mining within the Carson River watershed

机译：卡森河流域内历史采矿下游的地表水汞和甲基汞浓度的长期趋势

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摘要

The Carson River is a vital water resource for local municipalities and migratory birds travelling the Pacific Flyway. Historic mining practices that used mercury (Hg) to extract gold from Comstock Lode ore has left much of the river system heavily contaminated with Hg, a practice that continues in many parts of the world today. Between 1998 and 2013, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) collected and analyzed Carson River water for Hg and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations resulting in a sixteen year record of unfiltered total mercury (uf.THg), filtered (dissolved) Hg (f.THg), total methylmercury (uf.MeHg), filtered MeHg (f.MeHg), and particulate-bound THg (p.THg) and MeHg (p.MeHg) concentrations. This represents one of the longest continuous records of Hg speciation data for any riverine system, thereby providing a unique opportunity to evaluate long-term trends in concentrations and annual loads. During the period of analysis, uf.THg concentration and load trended downward at rates of 0.85% and 1.8% per year, respectively. Conversely, the f.THg concentration increased at a rate of 1.7% per year between 1998 and 2005, and 4.9% per year between 2005 and 2013. Trends in flow-normalized partition coefficients for both Hg and MeHg suggest a statistically significant shift from the particulate to the filtered phase. The upwardly accelerating f.THg concentration and observed shift from the solid phase to the aqueous phase among the pools of Hg and MeHg within the river water column signals an increased risk of deteriorating ecological conditions in the lower basin with respect to Hg contamination. More broadly, the 16-year trend analysis, completed 140 years after the commencement of major Hg releases to the Carson River, provides a poignant example of the ongoing legacy left behind by gold and silver mining techniques that relied on Hg amalgamation, and a cautionary tale for regions still pursuing the practice in other countries. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
机译：卡森河是当地市政当局和迁徙太平洋飞鸟的候鸟的重要水资源。使用汞（Hg）从Comstock Lode矿石中提取金的历史性采矿实践使许多河流系统受到汞的严重污染，这一实践在当今世界的许多地方都在继续。在1998年至2013年之间，美国地质调查局（USGS）收集并分析了卡森河水中的汞和甲基汞（MeHg）浓度，从而产生了16年未过滤的总汞（uf.THg），过滤的（溶解的）汞（f THg），总甲基汞（uf.MeHg），过滤后的MeHg（f.MeHg）以及结合颗粒的THg（p.THg）和MeHg（p.MeHg）浓度。这代表了任何河流系统中最长的汞形态数据连续记录之一，从而为评估浓度和年负荷的长期趋势提供了独特的机会。在分析期间，三氟化铀的浓度和负荷呈下降趋势，分别为每年0.85％和1.8％。相反，在1998年至2005年期间，f.THg浓度以每年1.7％的速度增长，在2005年至2013年之间以每年4.9％的速度增长。Hg和MeHg流量归一化分配系数的趋势表明，从颗粒进入过滤阶段。河水柱内汞和甲基汞池中f.THg浓度的上升加速并从固相向水相转移，这标志着下部流域因汞污染而恶化生态环境的风险增加。更广泛地说，在向卡森河排放主要汞开始140年后完成的为期16年的趋势分析提供了依赖于汞合并的金银开采技术留下的持续遗产的令人震惊的例子，并提出了警告。对于在其他国家仍沿用这种做法的地区来说，则是一个传奇。由Elsevier Ltd.发布

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Pollution》 |2017年第10期|1006-1018|共13页
  • 作者

    Morway Eric D.; Thodal Carl E.; Marvin-DiPasquale Mark;

  • 作者单位

    US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA;

    US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA;

    US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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