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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental research >Assessment of exposure of gas station attendants in Sri Lanka to benzene, toluene and xylenes
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Assessment of exposure of gas station attendants in Sri Lanka to benzene, toluene and xylenes

机译：斯里兰卡加油站服务员暴露于苯，甲苯和二甲苯的评估

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Exposure to benzene, toluene and p-, m-, o-xylene (BTX) was studied in 29 gas station attendants and 16 office workers in Sri Lanka. The aim of this study was to assess the exposure level and identify potential exposure mitigating measures. Pre- and post-shift samples of end-exhaled air were collected and analysed for BTX on a thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry system (TD-GC-MS). Urine was collected at the same timepoints and analysed for a metabolite of benzene, S-phenyl mercapturic acid (SPMA), using liquid chro-matography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Environmental exposure was measured by personal air sampling and analysed by gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Median (range) breathing zone air concentrations were 609 (65.1-1960) μg/m~3 for benzene and 746 (＜ 5.0-2770) μg/m~3 for toluene. Taking into account long working hours, 28% of the measured exposures exceeded the ACGIH threshold limit value (TLV) for an 8-h time-weighted average of 1.6mg/m~3 for benzene. Xylene isomers were not detected. End-exhaled air concentrations were significantly increased for gas station attendants compared to office workers (p ＜ 0.005). The difference was 1-3-fold in pre-shift and 2-5-fold in post-shift samples. The increase from pre-to post-shift amounted to 5-15-fold (p ＜ 0.005). Pre-shift BTX concentrations in end-exhaled air were higher in smokers compared to non-smokers (p ＜ 0.01). Exposure due to self-reported fuel spills was related to enhanced exhaled BTX (p ＜ 0.05). The same was found for sleeping at the location of the gas station between two work-shifts. Benzene in end-exhaled air was moderately associated with benzene in the breathing zone (r = 0.422; p ＜ 0.001). Median creatinine-corrected S-phenyl mercapturic acid (SPMA) was similar in pre- and post-shift (2.40 and 3.02 μg/g) in gas station attendants but increased in office workers (from 0.55 to 1.07 μg/g). In conclusion, working as a gas station attendant leads to inhalation exposure and occasional skin exposure to BTX. Smoking was identified as the most important co-exposure. Besides taking preventive measure to reduce exposure, the reduction of working hours to 40 h per week is expected to decrease benzene levels below the current TLV.
机译：在29个加油站服务员和斯里兰卡的16个办公室工作人员中研究了苯，甲苯和P-，o-y-，o-二甲苯（BTX）的接触。本研究的目的是评估暴露水平并确定潜在的暴露缓解措施。收集并分析热解吸气相色谱质谱系统（TD-GC-MS）上的BTX后和移换后的终端呼出空气样品。使用液体Chro-Matography-质谱（LC-MS）在相同的时间点处收集在相同的时间点并分析苯，S-苯基巯基酸（SPMA）的代谢物。通过个人空气采样测量环境暴露，并通过气相色谱火焰离子化检测（GC-FID）分析。中位数（范围）呼吸区空气浓度为苯的609（65.1-1960）μg/ m〜3，甲苯的746（<5.0-2770）μg/ m〜3。考虑到长时间工作时间，28％的测量曝光超过ACGIH阈值限值（TLV），苯的8小时递增平均值为1.6mg / m〜3。未检测到二甲苯异构体。与办公室工人相比，加油站服务员的终端呼出空气浓度显着增加（P <0.005）。差移在换档后的2-5倍的差异为1-3倍。从前移后移位的增加量为5-15倍（P <0.005）。与非吸烟者相比，吸烟者在最终呼出的空气中的换热BTX浓度较高（P <0.01）。由于自我报告的燃料泄漏导致的曝光与增强呼出的BTX有关（P <0.05）。同样被发现睡在两个工作班次之间的加油站位置。呼吸区中苯的苯中苯的苯（R = 0.422; p <0.001）。中位肌酐校正的S-苯基巯基酸（SPMA）在加油站服务员的前后（2.40和3.02μg/ g）中相似，但在办公室工作人员（0.55至1.07μg/ g）中增加。总之，作为加油站服务员的工作导致吸入暴露和偶尔的皮肤暴露于BTX。吸烟被认为是最重要的共同暴露。除了采取预防措施以减少暴露，还预期工作时间达40小时，降低当前TLV以下的苯水平。

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