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The health benefits of nature-based solutions to urbanization challenges for children and the elderly - A systematic review

机译：基于自然的解决方案对儿童和老年人的城市化挑战的健康益处-系统评价

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摘要

Urban green and blue spaces promote health by offering areas for physical activity, stress relief, and social interaction, which may be considered as cultural ecosystem services. They also provide a number of regulating ecosystem services that can be regarded as nature-based solutions to mitigate impacts from urbanization-induced challenges. Urban trees and other vegetation provide cooling through shade and evapotranspiration, which reduce the impact of the urban heat island on hot summer days. Urban vegetation may improve air quality by removing air pollutants. Open areas in cities, such as parks, gardens, playgrounds and cemeteries, are unsealed spaces that also improve infiltration during extreme precipitation events providing water regulating functions. All these services have the potential to improve the health of urban residents, particularly of specific vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of evidence on the relationship between the health of children and the elderly and urban green and blue spaces that can account as nature-based solutions to urbanization-induced challenges. We discuss potential confounding factors and refer to the different green space metrics used to identify associations to health. From the results, we cannot conclude on a universal protective health effect of urban green and blue spaces for children and the elderly. While the association trend is positive, the results remain inconclusive, context dependent and are partly overridden by socioeconomic confounders. However, the research area is consistently increasing, and we advance important prospects for future research on urban green and blue spaces in the face of global challenges such as urbanization.
机译：城市绿色和蓝色空间通过提供身体活动，缓解压力和社交互动的场所来促进健康，这些活动可以被视为文化生态系统服务。它们还提供了许多可调节的生态系统服务，这些服务可被视为基于自然的解决方案，以缓解城市化带来的挑战带来的影响。城市树木和其他植被通过遮荫和蒸散作用来降温，从而减少了城市热岛对炎热夏季的影响。城市植被可以通过去除空气污染物来改善空气质量。城市的开放区域，如公园，花园，游乐场和墓地，是未密封的空间，在极端降雨事件发生时也能改善渗透，从而提供水调节功能。所有这些服务都有可能改善城市居民的健康，尤其是儿童和老人等特定弱势群体的健康。本文的目的是提供有关儿童与老年人健康与城市绿色空间和蓝色空间之间关系的现有证据的概述，这些关系可以作为对城市化引发的挑战的基于自然的解决方案。我们讨论了潜在的混淆因素，并参考了用于识别与健康的关联的不同绿色空间指标。从结果来看，我们不能得出结论，认为城市绿色和蓝色空间对儿童和老年人具有普遍的保护健康作用。尽管关联趋势是积极的，但结果仍然不确定，取决于上下文，并且被社会经济混杂因素部分覆盖。但是，研究领域正在不断扩大，面对诸如城市化等全球性挑战，我们为城市绿色和蓝色空间的未来研究提供了重要的前景。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental research》 |2017年第11期|362-373|共12页
  • 作者

    Nadja Kabisch; Matilda van den Bosch; Raffaele Lafortezza;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Geography, Humboldt-Universitdt zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany,Department of Urban and Environmental Sociology, Hebnholtz Centre of Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany;

    School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada,Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada;

    Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari A. Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy,Center for Global Change and Earth Observations (CGCEO), Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48823, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Children; Elderly; Health; Nature-based solutions; Urban green space; Urbanization;

    机译：儿童;老年;健康;基于自然的解决方案;城市绿地;城市化;

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