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Assessment of mercury exposure among small-scale gold miners using mercury stable isotopes

机译：使用汞稳定同位素评估小型金矿开采商的汞暴露

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摘要

Total mercury (Hg) concentrations in hair and urine are often used as biomarkers of exposure to fish-derived methylmercury (MeHg) and gaseous elemental Hg, respectively. We used Hg stable isotopes to assess the validity of these biomarkers among small-scale gold mining populations in Ghana and Indonesia. Urine from Ghanaian miners displayed similar Δ~(199)Hg values to Hg derived from ore deposits (mean urine Δ~(199)Hg=0.01‰, n=6). This suggests that urine total Hg concentrations accurately reflect exposure to inorganic Hg among this population. Hair samples from Ghanaian miners displayed low positive Δ~(199)Hg values (0.23-0.55‰, n = 6) and low percentages of total Hg as MeHg (7.6-29%, n = 7). These data suggest that the majority of the Hg in these miners' hair samples is exogenously adsorbed inorganic Hg and not fish-derived MeHg. Hair samples from Indonesian gold miners who eat fish daily displayed a wider range of positive Δ~(199)Hg values (0.21-1.32‰, n = 5) and percentages of total Hg as MeHg (32-72%, n=4). This suggests that total Hg in the hair samples from Indonesian gold miners is likely a mixture of ingested fish MeHg and exogenously adsorbed inorganic Hg. Based on data from both populations, we suggest that total Hg concentrations in hair samples from small-scale gold miners likely overestimate exposure to MeHg from fish consumption.
机译：头发和尿液中的总汞（Hg）浓度通常分别用作暴露于鱼源甲基汞（MeHg）和气态元素汞的生物标志物。我们使用汞稳定同位素评估了这些生物标记在加纳和印度尼西亚的小型金矿开采人群中的有效性。加纳矿工的尿液显示的Δ〜（199）Hg值与矿床中的汞相似（平均尿Δ〜（199）Hg = 0.01‰，n = 6）。这表明尿液中的总汞浓度准确反映了该人群中无机汞的暴露。加纳矿工的头发样本显示出较低的Δ〜（199）Hg正值（0.23-0.55‰，n = 6）和总汞的MeHg百分比低（7.6-29％，n = 7）。这些数据表明，这些矿工头发样本中的大多数汞是外源吸附的无机汞，而不是鱼类来源的甲基汞。每天吃鱼的印度尼西亚金矿工的头发样本显示的Δ〜（199）Hg正值（0.21-1.32‰，n = 5）和总汞占MeHg的百分比的范围更大（32-72％，n = 4） 。这表明印尼金矿开采商头发样本中的总汞很可能是摄入的鱼类甲基汞和外源吸附的无机汞的混合物。根据这两个人群的数据，我们建议来自小型金矿开采商的头发样本中的总汞浓度可能高估了鱼类消费对甲基汞的暴露。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental research》 |2015年第2期|226-234|共9页
  • 作者

    Laura S. Sherman; Joel D. Blum; Niladri Basu; Mozhgon Rajaee; David C. Evers; David G. Buck; Jindrich Petrlik; Joseph DiGangi;

  • 作者单位

    University of Michigan, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 1100 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States;

    University of Michigan, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 1100 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States;

    McGill University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X3V9;

    University of Michigan, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States;

    Biodiversity Research Institute, 19 Flaggy Meadow Road, Gorham, ME 04038, United States;

    Biodiversity Research Institute, 19 Flaggy Meadow Road, Gorham, ME 04038, United States;

    Arnika Association, Chlumova 17, Prague 3, Czech Republic;

    IPEN, Box 7256, SE-402 35 Gothenburg, Sweden;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Small-scale gold mining; Methylmercury; Mercury isotopes; Biomarkers;

    机译：小型金矿开采;甲基汞汞同位素;生物标志物;

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