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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Fast Photochemistry in Wintertime Haze: Consequences for Pollution Mitigation Strategies
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Fast Photochemistry in Wintertime Haze: Consequences for Pollution Mitigation Strategies

机译：冬季阴霾中的快速光化学：减轻污染策略的后果

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In contrast to summer smog, the contribution of photochemistry to the formation of winter haze in northern mid-to-high latitude is generally assumed to be minor due to reduced solar UV and water vapor concentrations. Our comprehensive observations of atmospheric radicals and relevant parameters during several haze events in winter 2016 Beijing, however, reveal surprisingly high hydroxyl radical oxidation rates up to 15 ppbv/h, which is comparable to the high values reported in summer photochemical smog and is two to three times larger than those determined in previous observations during winter in Birmingham (Heard et al. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31, (18)), Tokyo (Kanaya et al. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 2007, 112, (D21)), and New York (Ren et al. Atmos. Environ. 2006, 40, 252-263). The active photochemistry facilitates the production of secondary pollutants. It is mainly initiated by the photolysis of nitrous acid and ozonolysis of olefins and maintained by an extremely efficiently radical cycling process driven by nitric oxide. This boosted radical recycling generates fast photochemical ozone production rates that are again comparable to those during summer photochemical smog. The formation of ozone, however, is currently masked by its efficient chemical removal by nitrogen oxides contributing to the high level of wintertime particles. The future emission regulations, such as the reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions, therefore are facing the challenge of reducing haze and avoiding an increase in ozone pollution at the same time. Efficient control strategies to mitigate winter haze in Beijing may require measures similar as implemented to avoid photochemical smog in summer.
机译：与夏季烟雾相反，由于太阳紫外线和水蒸气浓度的降低，通常认为光化学对北半球中高纬度冬季雾霾的贡献很小。然而，我们在2016年北京冬季多次霾事件中对大气自由基和相关参数的综合观测显示，令人惊讶的是高达15 ppbv / h的高羟自由基氧化速率，可与夏季光化学烟雾中报道的高数值相媲美，为2倍。是冬季伯明翰（Heard等人，Geophys。Res。Lett。2004，31，（18）），东京（Kanaya等人，J。Geophys。Res .: Atmos。2007， 112（D21））和纽约（Ren等人，Atmos。Environ。2006，40，252-263）。活性光化学促进了次级污染物的产生。它主要由亚硝酸的光解和烯烃的臭氧分解引发，并由一氧化氮驱动的极为有效的自由基循环过程来维持。这种增强的自由基循环利用可产生快速的光化学臭氧产生速率，该速率再次可与夏季光化学烟雾产生的速率相比。但是，臭氧的形成目前被氮氧化物有效去除化学物质所掩盖，而氮氧化物导致冬季颗粒物含量很高。因此，未来的排放法规，例如减少氮氧化物的排放，正面临着减少雾霾和避免同时增加臭氧污染的挑战。减轻北京冬季雾霾的有效控制策略可能需要采取与夏季相似的措施，以避免夏季出现光化学烟雾。

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