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Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States Food System: Current and Healthy Diet Scenarios

机译:美国食品系统的温室气体排放:当前和健康的饮食情景

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摘要

We estimate the impact on greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) of shifting from the current average United States diet to four alternative diets that meet the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). In contrast to prior studies, which rely on process-based life-cycle-analysis GHGE estimates from the literature for particular food items, we combine a diet model, an environmentally extended input-output model of energy use in the U.S. food system, and a biophysical model of land use for crops and livestock to estimate food system GHGE from the combustion of fossil fuels and from biogenic sources, including enteric fermentation, manure management, and soil management. We find that an omnivore diet that meets the DGA while constraining cost leaves food system GHGE essentially unchanged relative to the current baseline diet (985 000 000 tons of CO2 eq or 3191 kilograms of CO2 eq per capita per year), while a DGA-compliant vegetarian and a DGA-compliant omnivore diet that minimizes energy consumption in the food system reduce GHGE by 32% and 22%, respectively. These emission reductions were achieved mainly through quantity and composition changes in the meat, poultry, fish; dairy; and caloric sweeteners categories. Shifting from current to healthy diets as defined by the DGA does not necessarily reduce GHGE in the U.S. food system, although there are diets, including two presented here and by inference many others, which can achieve a reduction in GHGE.
机译:我们估算了对温室气体排放(GHGE)的影响,从当前美国饮食转移到四种替代饮食,符合2010年美国人饮食准则(DGA)。与先前的研究相比,依赖于基于过程的生命周期分析GHGE估计,我们将饮食模型结合起来,在美国食品系统中的环境扩展输入输出模型,以及作物和牲畜土地利用的生物物理模型,以估算化石燃料燃烧和生物来源的食物系统GHGE,包括肠道发酵,粪肥管理和土壤管理。我们发现举行符合DGA的举报饮食,同时约束成本留下食物系统GHGE相对于目前的基线饮食(每年985万000吨或3191千克每年的CO 2 EQ,每年3191千克),而且符合DGA兼容素食和符合DGA标准的综合型饮食,可将食物系统中的能耗降低32%和22%。这些排放减少率主要通过肉类,家禽,鱼类的数量和组成变化来实现;乳房;和卡路里甜味剂类别。从DGA定义的电流转移到DGA所定义的健康饮食并不一定在美国食品系统中减少GHGE,尽管有饮食,包括这里呈现的饮食,并且通过推断许多其他人来说,这可以实现GHGE的减少。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2019年第9期|5493-5503|共11页
  • 作者单位

    USDA Econ Res Serv Washington DC 20250 USA;

    USDA Econ Res Serv Washington DC 20250 USA;

    USDA Econ Res Serv Washington DC 20250 USA;

    Tufts Univ Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy Boston MA 02111 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
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