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Assessing Contamination of Stream Networks near Shale Gas Development Using a New Geospatial Tool

机译：利用新的地理空间工具评估物流界面污染流网络

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摘要

Chemicai spills in streams can impact ecosystem or human health. Typically, the public learns of spills from reports from industry, media, or government rather than monitoring data. For example, ～1300 spills (76 ≥ 400 gallons or ～1500 L) were reported from 2007 to 2014 by the regulator for natural gas wellpads in the Marcellus shale region of Pennsylvania (U.S.), a region of extensive drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Only one such incident of stream contamination in Pennsylvania has been documented with water quality data in peer-reviewed literature. This could indicate that spills (1) were small or contained on wellpads, (2) were diluted, biodegraded, or obscured by other contaminants, (3) were not detected because of sparse monitoring, or (4) were not detected because of the difficulties of inspecting data for complex stream networks. As a first step in addressing the last problem, we developed a geospatial-analysis tool, GeoNet, that analyzes stream networks to detect statistically significant changes between background and potentially impacted sites. GeoNet was used on data in the Water Quality Portal for the Pennsylvania Marcellus region. With the most stringent statistical tests, GeoNet detected 0.2% to 2% of the known contamination incidents (Na ± Cl) in streams. With denser sensor networks, tools like GeoNet could allow real-time detection of polluting events.
机译：溪流中的Chemicai泄漏会影响生态系统或人类健康。通常，公众了解来自行业，媒体或政府的报告的溢出，而不是监测数据。例如，从宾夕法尼亚州Marcellvania（美国）的Marcellus Shale地区的天然气井锅的监管机构，〜1300泄漏（76≥400加仑或〜1500升）报告了宾夕法尼亚州（美国）的天然气井间，该区域广泛的钻井和水力压裂区域。在同行评审文献中，宾夕法尼亚州宾夕法尼亚州的溪流污染事件只有一种这样的物质数据记录。这可能表明溢出物（1）小或含有在井筒上，（2）被稀释，通过其他污染物稀释，生物降解，或模糊，因为由于稀疏监测而未检测到（3），因为没有检测到（4）检查复杂流网络数据的困难。作为解决最后一个问题的第一步，我们开发了一个地理空间分析工具，地理仪，分析流网络，以检测背景和潜在影响的站点之间的统计上显着的变化。 Geonet用于宾夕法尼亚Marcellus地区的水质门户中的数据。随着最严格的统计测试，Geonet在流中检测到已知的污染事件的0.2％至2％的流动污染事件（Na±Cl）。使用更密集的传感器网络，GeOnet等工具可以允许实时检测污染事件。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2020年第14期|8632-8639|共8页
  • 作者

    Amal Agarwal; Tao Wen; Alex Chen; Anna Yinqi Zhang; Xianzeng Niu; Xiang Zhan; Lingzhou Xue; Susan L. Brantley;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Statistics Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 United States;

    Earth and Environmental Systems Institute Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 United States;

    Department of Statistics Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 United States;

    Department of Statistics Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 United States;

    Earth and Environmental Systems Institute Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 United States;

    Department of Public Health Sciences Pennsylvania State University Hershey Pennsylvania 17033 United States;

    Department of Statistics Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 United States;

    Earth and Environmental Systems Institute and Department of Geosciences Pennsylvania State University Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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