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Potential Air Pollutant Emissions and Permitting Classifications for Two Biorefinery Process Designs in the United States

机译：美国两种生物精炼工艺设计的潜在空气污染物排放和许可分类

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摘要

Advanced biofuel production facilities (biorefi-neries), such as those envisioned by the United States (U.S.) Renewable Fuel Standard and U.S. Department of Energy's research and development programs, often lack historical air pollutant emissions data, which can pose challenges for obtaining air emission permits that are required for construction and operation. To help fill this knowledge gap, we perform a thorough regulatory analysis and use engineering process designs to assess the applicability of federal air regulations and quantify air pollutant emissions for two feasibility-level biorefinery designs. We find that without additional emission-control technologies both biorefineries would likely be required to obtain major source permits under the Clean Air Act's New Source Review program. The permitting classification (so-called "major" or "minor") has implications for the time and effort required for permitting and therefore affects the cost of capital and the fuel selling price. Consequently, we explore additional technically feasible emission-control technologies and process modifications that have the potential to reduce emissions to achieve a minor source permitting classification. Our analysis of air pollutant emissions and controls can assist biorefinery developers with the air permitting process and inform regulatory agencies about potential permitting pathways for novel biorefinery designs.
机译：先进的生物燃料生产设施（生物燃料），例如美国（US）可再生燃料标准和美国能源部的研究与开发计划所设想的设施，通常缺乏历史性的空气污染物排放数据，这可能对获取空气排放构成挑战。施工和操作所需的许可证。为了填补这一知识空白，我们进行了彻底的法规分析，并使用工程流程设计来评估联邦空气法规的适用性，并量化两种可行水平的生物精炼厂设计的空气污染物排放量。我们发现，如果没有其他排放控制技术，根据《清洁空气法》的“新排放源审查”计划，两个生物精炼厂都可能需要获得主要的排放源许可证。许可分类（所谓的“主要”或“次要”）会影响许可所需的时间和精力，因此会影响资本成本和燃料销售价格。因此，我们探索了其他在技术上可行的排放控制技术和工艺改进方法，这些技术和方法可能会减少排放量以实现较小的源许可分类。我们对空气污染物排放和控制措施的分析可以帮助生物炼油厂开发商进行空气许可程序，并向监管机构告知有关新型生物炼油厂设计的潜在许可途径。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2017年第11期|5879-5888|共10页
  • 作者

    Annika Eberle; Arpit Bhatt; Yimin Zhang; Garvin Heath;

  • 作者单位

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 United States;

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 United States;

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 United States;

    National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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