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Transformation and Sorption of Illicit Drug Biomarkers in Sewer Biofilms

机译：下水道生物膜中非法药物生物标志物的转化和吸附

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摘要

In-sewer transformation of drug biomarkers (excreted parent drugs and metabolites) can be influenced by the presence of biomass in suspended form as well as attached to sewer walls (biofilms). Biofilms are likely the most abundant and biologically active biomass fraction in sewers. In this study, 16 drug biomarkers were selected, including the parent forms and the major human metabolites of mephedrone, methadone, cocaine, heroin, codeine, and tetrahydrocan-nabinol (THC). Transformation and sorption of these substances were assessed in targeted batch experiments using laboratory-scale biofilm reactors operated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A one-dimensional model was developed to simulate diffusive transport, abiotic and biotic transformation, and partitioning of drug biomarkers. Model calibration to experimental results allowed estimating biotransformation rate constants in sewer biofilms, which were compared to those obtained for suspended biomass. Our results suggest that sewer biofilms can enhance the biotransformation kinetics of most selected compounds. Through scenario simulations, we demonstrated that the estimation of biotransformation rate constants in biofilm can be significantly biased if the boundary layer thickness is not accurately estimated. This study complements our previous investigation on the transformation and sorption of drug biomarkers in the presence of only suspended biomass in untreated sewage. A better understanding of the role of sewer biofilms-also relative to the in-sewer suspended solids-and improved prediction of associated fate processes can result in more accurate estimation of daily drug consumption in urban areas in wastewater-based epidemiological assessments.
机译：药物生物标志物（排泄的母体药物和代谢产物）在下水道中的转化可能受到悬浮形式以及附着于下水道壁（生物膜）的生物质的影响。生物膜可能是下水道中含量最丰富且具有生物活性的生物质部分。在这项研究中，选择了16种药物生物标记物，包括甲氧麻黄酮，美沙酮，可卡因，海洛因，可待因和四氢萘萘酚（THC）的亲本形式和主要人类代谢产物。使用有氧和厌氧条件下运行的实验室规模生物膜反应器，在有针对性的分批实验中评估了这些物质的转化和吸附。开发了一维模型来模拟扩散运输，非生物和生物转化以及药物生物标志物的分配。通过对实验结果进行模型校准，可以估算下水道生物膜中的生物转化速率常数，并将其与悬浮生物量获得的常数进行比较。我们的结果表明，下水道生物膜可以增强大多数选定化合物的生物转化动力学。通过场景模拟，我们证明了如果不能准确地估计边界层厚度，则生物膜中生物转化速率常数的估计可能会明显偏差。这项研究补充了我们先前在未经处理的污水中仅存在悬浮生物质的情况下对药物生物标志物转化和吸附的研究。更好地了解下水道生物膜的作用-相对于下水道中的悬浮固体-更好地预测相关的命运过程，可以在基于废水的流行病学评估中更准确地估算城市地区的每日药物消耗量。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2017年第18期|10572-10584|共13页
  • 作者

    Pedram Ramin; Andreas Libonati Brock; Ana Causanilles; Borja Valverde-Perez; Erik Emke; Pim de Voogt; Fabio Polesel; Benedek Gy. Plosz;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bygningstorvet, Bygning 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark,Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;

    Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bygningstorvet, Bygning 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;

    KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands;

    Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bygningstorvet, Bygning 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;

    KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands;

    KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;

    Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bygningstorvet, Bygning 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;

    Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bygningstorvet, Bygning 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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