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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Methane Emissions from Conventional and Unconventional Natural Gas Production Sites in the Marcellus Shale Basin
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Methane Emissions from Conventional and Unconventional Natural Gas Production Sites in the Marcellus Shale Basin

机译：马塞勒斯页岩盆地常规和非常规天然气生产基地的甲烷排放

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摘要

There is a need for continued assessment of methane (CH_4) emissions associated with natural gas (NG) production, especially as recent advancements in horizontal drilling combined with staged hydraulic fracturing technologies have dramatically increased NG production (we refer to these wells as "unconventional" NG wells). In- this study, we j measured facility-level CH_4 emissions rates from the NG production sector in the Marcellus region, and compared CH_4 emissions between unconventional NG (UNG) well pad sites and the relatively smaller and older "conventional" NG. (C_vNG) sites that consist of wells drilled vertically into permeable geologic formations. A top-down tracer-flux CH_4 measurement approach utilizing mobile downwind intercepts of CH_4, ethane, and tracer (nitrous oxide and acetylene) plumes was performed at 18 C_vNG sites (19 individual wells) and 17 UNG sites (88 individual wells). The 17 UNG sites included four sites undergoing completion flowback (FB). The mean facility-level CH_4 emission rate among UNG well pad sites in routine production (18.8 kg/h (95% confidence interval (CI) on the mean of 12.0-26.8 kg/h)) was 23 times greater than the mean CH_4 emissions from C_vNG sites. These differences were attributed, in part, to the large size (based on number of wells and ancillary NG production equipment) and the significantly higher production rate of UNG sites. However, C_vNG sites generally had much higher production-normalized CH_4 emission rates (median: 11%; range: 0.35-91%) compared to UNG sites (median: 0.13%, range: 0.01-1.2%), likely resulting from a greater prevalence of avoidable process operating conditions (e.g., unresolved equipment maintenance issues). At the regional scale, we estimate that total annual CH_4 emissions from 88 500 combined C_vNG well pads in Pennsylvania and West Virginia (660 Gg (95% CI: 500 to 800 Gg)) exceeded that from 3390 UNG well pads by 170 Gg, reflecting the large number of C_vNG wells and the comparably large fraction of CH_4 lost per unit production. The new emissions data suggest that the recently instituted Pennsylvania CH_4 emissions inventory substantially underestimates measured facility-level CH_4 emissions by ＞10-40 times for five UNG sites in this study.
机译：有必要继续评估与天然气（NG）生产相关的甲烷（CH_4）排放，尤其是随着水平钻井和分段水力压裂技术的最新发展显着提高了天然气产量（我们将这些井称为“非常规”井） NG井）。在这项研究中，我们测量了马塞勒斯地区天然气生产部门的设施水平CH_4排放率，并比较了非常规NG（UNG）井场与相对较小和较旧的“常规” NG的CH_4排放。 （C_vNG）站点，这些站点由垂直钻入可渗透地质层的井组成。自上而下的示踪剂通量CH_4测量方法在18个C_vNG站点（19个单独的井）和17个UNG站点（88个单独的井）进行了利用CH_4，乙烷和示踪剂（一氧化二氮和乙炔）羽流的顺风向下拦截。 17个UNG站点包括四个正在进行完井返流（FB）的站点。常规生产中UNG井场地点的平均设施水平CH_4排放率（18.8 kg / h（95％置信区间（CI）为12.0-26.8 kg / h的平均值））比CH_4的平均排放量高23倍来自C_vNG网站。这些差异部分归因于规模大（基于井数和辅助天然气生产设备）和UNG站点的生产率显着提高。但是，与UNG站点（中位数：0.13％，范围：0.01-1.2％）相比，C_vNG站点通常具有更高的生产标准化CH_4排放率（中位数：11％；范围：0.35-91％）。可避免的过程操作条件的普遍性（例如，未解决的设备维护问题）。在区域范围内，我们估计宾夕法尼亚州和西维吉尼亚州88 500个C_vNG复合井垫的年CH_4排放总量（660 Gg（95％CI：500至800 Gg））比3390 UNG井垫的CH_4排放总量高170 Gg，这反映了每单位生产中大量的C_vNG井和相当一部分CH_4损失。新的排放数据表明，在这项研究中，宾夕法尼亚州最近建立的CH_4排放清单大大低估了五个UNG站点的实测设施水平CH_4排放＞ 10-40倍。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2016年第4期|2099-2107|共9页
  • 作者

    Mark Omara; Melissa R. Sullivan; Xiang Li; R. Subramanian; Allen L. Robinson; Albert A. Presto;

  • 作者单位

    Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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