...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Alternative Fuel Vehicle Adoption Increases Fleet Gasoline Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions under United States Corporate Average Fuel Economy Policy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards
【24h】

Alternative Fuel Vehicle Adoption Increases Fleet Gasoline Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions under United States Corporate Average Fuel Economy Policy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards

机译：根据美国公司平均燃料经济政策和温室气体排放标准，替代燃料汽车的采用增加了船队汽油消耗和温室气体排放

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

The United States Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission standards are designed to reduce petroleum consumption and GHG emissions from light-duty passenger vehicles. They do so by requiring automakers to meet aggregate criteria for fleet fuel efficiency and carbon dioxide (CO_2) emission rates. Several incentives for manufacturers to sell alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) have been introduced in recent updates of CAFE/GHG policy for vehicles sold from 2012 through 2025 to help encourage a fleet technology transition. These incentives allow automakers that sell AFVs to meet less-stringent fleet efficiency targets, resulting in increased fleet-wide gasoline consumption and emissions. We derive a closed-form expression to quantify these effects. We find that each time an AFV is sold in place of a conventional vehicle, fleet emissions increase by 0 to 601 of CO_2 and gasoline consumption increases by 0 to 7000 gallons (26,000 L), depending on the AFV and year of sale. Using projections for vehicles sold from 2012 to 2025 from the Energy Information Administration, we estimate that the CAFE/GHG AFV incentives lead to a cumulative increase of 30 to 70 million metric tons of CO_2 and 3 to 8 billion gallons (11 to 30 billion liters) of gasoline consumed over the vehicles' lifetimes - the largest share of which is due to legacy GHG flex-fuel vehicle credits that expire in 2016. These effects may be 30-40% larger in practice than we estimate here due to optimistic laboratory vehicle efficiency tests used in policy compliance calculations.
机译：美国公司平均燃油经济性（CAFE）标准和温室气体（GHG）排放标准旨在减少轻型乘用车的石油消耗和温室气体排放。他们通过要求汽车制造商满足车队燃油效率和二氧化碳（CO_2）排放率的总体标准来做到这一点。 CAFE / GHG政策的最新更新（针对2012年至2025年售出的汽车）引入了一些鼓励制造商销售替代燃料汽车（AFV）的激励措施，以鼓励车队技术转型。这些激励措施使出售AFV的汽车制造商能够达到不太严格的车队效率目标，从而导致整个车队的汽油消耗和排放增加。我们导出一个封闭形式的表达式来量化这些影响。我们发现，每销售一辆AFV代替传统车辆，车队排放量就会增加0到601 CO_2，汽油消耗量会增加0到7000加仑（26,000升），具体取决于AFV和销售年份。根据美国能源情报署（Energy Information Administration）对2012年至2025年售出车辆的预测，我们估计CAFE / GHG AFV激励措施累计增加了30至7,000万吨的CO_2和3至80亿加仑（11至300亿升） ）在车辆使用寿命内消耗的汽油-其中最大份额是由于2016年到期的传统GHG灵活燃料汽车信用额度。由于乐观的实验室车辆，这些影响实际上可能比我们在此估计的大30-40％策略合规性计算中使用的效率测试。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2016年第5期|2165-2174|共10页
  • 作者

    Alan Jenn; Ines M. L. Azevedo; Jeremy J. Michalek;

  • 作者单位

    Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号