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Thunderstorms Increase Mercury Wet Deposition

机译：雷暴增加汞湿沉降

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摘要

Mercury (Hg) wet deposition, transfer from the atmosphere to Earth's surface by precipitation, in the United States is highest in locations and seasons with frequent deep convective thunderstorms, but it has never been demonstrated whether the connection is causal or simple coincidence. We use rainwater samples from over 800 individual precipitation events to show that thunderstorms increase Hg concentrations by 50％ relative to weak convective or stratiform events of equal precipitation depth. Radar and satellite observations reveal that strong convection reaching the upper troposphere (where high atmospheric concentrations of soluble, oxidized mercury species (Hg(Ⅱ)) are known to reside) produces the highest Hg concentrations in rain. As a result, precipitation meteorology, especially thunderstorm frequency and total rainfall, explains differences in Hg deposition between study sites located in the eastern United States. Assessing the fate of atmospheric mercury thus requires bridging the scales of global transport and convective precipitation.
机译：在美国，汞（Hg）湿沉降，通过降水从大气转移到地球表面，在频繁进行深对流雷暴的地点和季节最高，但从未证明这种联系是因果关系还是简单的巧合。我们使用来自800多个单独降水事件的雨水样本显示，雷暴使Hg浓度相对于相等降水深度的弱对流或层状事件增加了50％。雷达和卫星观测表明，到达对流层高层（已知大气中存在高浓度的可溶性氧化汞物质（Hg（Ⅱ））的强对流）在雨中产生最高的Hg浓度。结果，降水气象学，尤其是雷暴频率和总降雨，解释了位于美国东部的研究地点之间汞沉积的差异。因此，评估大气汞的命运需要弥合全球运输和对流降水的规模。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2016年第17期|9343-9350|共8页
  • 作者

    Christopher D. Holmes; Nishanth P. Krishnamurthy; Jane M. Cafrrey; William M. Landing; Eric S. Edgerton; Kenneth R. Knapp; Udaysankar S. Nair;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States;

    Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States;

    Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States;

    Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States;

    Atmospheric Research ＆ Analysis, Inc., Cary, North Carolina 27513, United States;

    National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Asheville, North Carolina 28801, United States;

    Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Alabama, Huntsville, Alabama 35805, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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