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Sensors in the Stream: The High-Frequency Wave of the Present

机译:流中的传感器:当下的高频波

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摘要

New scientific understanding is catalyzed by novel technologies that enhance measurement precision, resolution or type, and that provide new tools to test and develop theory. Over the last 50 years, technology has transformed the hydrologic sciences by enabling direct measurements of watershed fluxes (evapotranspiration, stream-flow) at time scales and spatial extents aligned with variation in physical drivers. High frequency water quality measurements, increasingly obtained by in situ water quality sensors, are extending that transformation. Widely available sensors for some physical (temperature) and chemical (conductivity, dissolved oxygen) attributes have become integral to aquatic science, and emerging sensors for nutrients, dissolved CO_2, turbidity, algal pigments, and dissolved organic matter are now enabling observations of watersheds and streams at time scales commensurate with their fundamental hydrological, energetic, elemental, and biological drivers. Here we synthesize insights from emerging technologies across a suite of applications, and envision future advances, enabled by sensors, in our ability to understand, predict, and restore watershed and stream systems.
机译:新的科学知识被提高测量精度,分辨率或类型的新颖技术所催化,并提供了测试和发展理论的新工具。在过去的50年中,技术通过在与物理驱动力变化一致的时间尺度和空间范围内直接测量流域通量(蒸散量,水流),改变了水文学科学。现场水质传感器越来越多地获得高频水质测量结果,从而扩展了这一转变。水产科学已广泛使用了具有某些物理(温度)和化学(电导率,溶解氧)属性的传感器,对于营养,溶解的CO_2,浊度,藻类色素和溶解的有机物的新兴传感器现在使人们能够观察流域和河流。河流的时间尺度与其基本的水文,能量,元素和生物驱动力相称。在这里,我们综合了来自一系列应用程序中新兴技术的见解,并通过传感器的理解,预测和恢复分水岭和河流系统的能力,展望了未来的发展。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2016年第19期|10297-10307|共11页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Brueckstrasse 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany;

    Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom;

    School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States;

    School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States;

    Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon. OX10 8BB, United Kingdom;

    Department of Environmental Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-ETH, Zurich, Switzerland,Swiss Federal Research Institute, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland;

    Ecological Modelling Laboratory, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada;

    School of Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom;

    Department of Bioscience and DCE-National Centre of Environment and Energy, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark;

    Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom;

    Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom;

    Deltares, P.O. Box 85467, NL-3508TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands;

    Department of Environmental Social Sciences, Eawag, UEberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland;

    Department of Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Brueckstrasse 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany;

    Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Brueckstrasse 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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