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Changing the Renewable Fuel Standard to a Renewable Material Standard: Bioethylene Case Study

机译：将可再生燃料标准更改为可再生材料标准：生物乙烯案例研究

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摘要

The narrow scope of the U.S. renewable fuel standard (RFS2) is a missed opportunity to spur a wider range of biomass use. This is especially relevant as RFS2 targets are being missed due to demand-side limitations for ethanol consumption. This paper examines the greenhouse gas (GHG) implications of a more flexible policy based on RFS2, which includes credits for chemical use of bioethanol (to produce bioethylene). A Monte Carlo simulation is employed to estimate the life-cycle GHG emissions of conventional low-density polyethylene (LDPE), made from natural gas derived ethane (mean: 1.8 kg CO_2e/kg LDPE). The life-cycle GHG emissions from bioethanol and bio-LDPE are examined for three biomass feedstocks: U.S. com (mean: 97g CO_2e/MJ and 2.6 kg CO_2e/kg LDPE), U.S. switchgrass (mean: -18g CO_2e/MJ and -2.9 kg CO_2e/kg LDPE), and Brazilian sugar cane (mean: 33g CO_2e/MJ and -1.3 kg CO_2e/kg LDPE); bioproduct and fossil-product emissions are compared. Results suggest that neither corn product (bioethanol or bio-LDPE) can meet regulatory GHG targets, while switchgrass and sugar cane ethanol and bio-LDPE likely do. For U.S. production, bioethanol achieves slightly greater GHG reductions than bio-LDPE. For imported Brazilian products, bio-LDPE achieves greater GHG reductions than bioethanol. An expanded policy that includes bio-LDPE provides added flexibility without compromising GHG targets.
机译：美国可再生燃料标准（RFS2）的范围狭窄，这是刺激广泛使用生物质的错失良机。这特别相关，因为由于乙醇消耗的需求方面的限制而错过了RFS2目标。本文研究了基于RFS2的更加灵活的政策对温室气体（GHG）的影响，其中包括对生物乙醇（用于生产生物乙烯）进行化学利用的信用额度。蒙特卡罗模拟用于估算由天然气衍生的乙烷（平均：1.8 kg CO_2e / kg LDPE）制成的常规低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）的生命周期温室气体排放量。针对三种生物质原料检查了生物乙醇和生物LDPE的生命周期温室气体排放：美国com（平均：97 g CO_2e / MJ和2.6 kg CO_2e / kg LDPE），美国柳枝（（平均：-18g CO_2e / MJ和-2.9 kg CO_2e / kg LDPE）和巴西甘蔗（平均：33g CO_2e / MJ和-1.3 kg CO_2e / kg LDPE）；比较了生物产品和化石产品的排放。结果表明，两种玉米产品（生物乙醇或生物LDPE）都无法达到监管的温室气体目标，而柳枝and，甘蔗乙醇和生物LDPE则可能达到。对于美国的生产，生物乙醇的温室气体减排量要比生物LDPE略高。对于进口的巴西产品，生物LDPE的温室气体减排量高于生物乙醇。包括bio-LDPE在内的扩展政策在不损害GHG目标的前提下提供了更大的灵活性。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2015年第1期|93-102|共10页
  • 作者

    I. Daniel Posen; W. Michael Griffin; H. Scott Matthews; Ines L. Azevedo;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Engineering & Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States,Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Department of Engineering & Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Department of Engineering & Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States,Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Department of Engineering & Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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