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Quantitative Headspace Analysis of Selected Odorants from Latrines in Africa and India

机译：非洲和印度乳杆菌中特定臭味的定量顶空分析

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摘要

This analytical investigation focuses on the quantification of odorant molecules in the headspace of latrines. Hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan were derivatized under a more stable N-ethyl maleimide conjugate. Since the amount of odorant molecules is very low in the gas phase, we developed a method that had two steps of concentration. The first step consisted of the accumulation of volatiles in buffered water by bubbling 350 L of air in a bottle. The second step consisted of loading the water on a 1 g solid-phase extraction cartridge, shipping it to our laboratories, and desorbing with Et_2O, which achieved a total concentration factor of 3.5 × 10~6. The acidification of the water phase gave us access to the acids, and an additional bottle containing an acidic ion-exchange resin gave us access to trimethyl amine. The limits of quantification in the gas phase were 8.7 × 10~(-4) μg/L air for hydrogen sulfide, 1 × 10~(-4) μg/L air for methyl mercaptan, 1 × 10~(-3) μg/L air for butyric acid, 1 × 10~(-4) μg/L air for p-cresol, 1 × 10~(-5) μg/ L air for indole, and 1 × 10~(-5) μg/L air for skatole. The system was calibrated by using olfactometers, which can deliver a precisely known quantity of volatiles into the air. We were able to quantify all compounds near their odor detection thresholds (ODTs). All ODTs were measured in our laboratory with the same olfactometry method. This allowed accurate and comparable ODT values for malodorant compounds from toilets.
机译：这项分析研究的重点是定量分析厕所顶空的气味分子。硫化氢和甲硫醇在更稳定的N-乙基马来酰亚胺共轭物下衍生化。由于气相中的气味分子数量非常少，因此我们开发了一种具有两个浓缩步骤的方法。第一步是通过将350 L的空气吹入瓶中，使缓冲液中的挥发物积聚。第二步包括将水装载到1 g固相萃取柱上，将其运送到我们的实验室，并用Et_2O进行解吸，总浓缩系数达到3.5×10〜6。水相的酸化使我们可以接触到酸，另外一个装有酸性离子交换树脂的瓶子使我们可以接触到三甲胺。气相中的定量限为硫化氢为8.7×10〜（-4）μg/ L空气，甲硫醇为1×10〜（-4）μg/ L空气，1×10〜（-3）μg / L空气用于丁酸，1×10〜（-4）μg/ L空气用于对甲酚，1×10〜（-5）μg/ L吲哚空气和1×10〜（-5）μg/空气为粪臭素。该系统通过使用嗅仪进行校准，该嗅仪可以将准确数量的挥发物释放到空气中。我们能够量化所有化合物的气味检测阈值（ODT）附近。在我们的实验室中，所有ODT均采用相同的嗅觉测定法进行了测量。这样就可以对厕所中的恶臭化合物进行准确且可比较的ODT值。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2015年第10期|6134-6140|共7页
  • 作者

    Charles Jean-Francois Chappuis; Yvan Niclass; Christine Vuilleumier; Christian Starkenmann;

  • 作者单位

    Corporate R&D Division, Firmenich SA, P.O. Box 239, CH-1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland;

    Corporate R&D Division, Firmenich SA, P.O. Box 239, CH-1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland;

    Corporate R&D Division, Firmenich SA, P.O. Box 239, CH-1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland;

    Corporate R&D Division, Firmenich SA, P.O. Box 239, CH-1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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