Coal Is Dirty, but Where It Is Burned Especially Matters

Xiao Yun; Wenjun Meng; Haoran Xu; Wenxiao Zhang; Xinyuan Yu; Huizhong Shen; Yilin Chen; Guofeng Shen; Jianmin Ma; Bengang Li; Hefa Cheng; Jianying Hu; Shu Tao

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Coal Is Dirty, but Where It Is Burned Especially Matters

机译：煤炭很脏，但它特别重要的地方

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Coal abatement actions for pollution reduction often target total coal consumption. The health impacts of coal uses, however, vary extensively among sectors. Here, we modeled the sectorial contributions of coal uses to emissions, outdoor and indoor PM_(2.5) (participate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 mm) concentrations, exposures, and health outcomes in China from 1970 to 2014. We show that in 2014, residential coal accounted for 2.9% of total energy use but 34% of premature deaths associated with PM_(2.5) exposure, showing that effects were magnified substantially along the causal path. The number of premature deaths attributed to unit coal consumption in the residential sector was 40 times higher than that in the power and industrial sectors. Emissions of primary PM_(2.5) were more important than secondary aerosol precursors in terms of health consequences, and indoor exposure accounted for 97% and 91% of total premature deaths attributable to PM_(2.5) from coal combustion in 1974 and 2014, respectively. Our assessment raises a critical challenge in the switching of residential coal uses to effectively mitigate PM_(2.5) exposure in the Chinese population.

机译：污染减少的煤炭减少行动往往是针对总煤炭消费。然而，煤炭用量的健康影响在部门之间存在广泛不同。在这里，我们从1970年到2014年，我们建模了煤炭用于排放，室外和室内PM_（2.5）（2.5）的浓度，曝光和健康结果的流动贡献（参与空气动力直径）。我们展示了这一点2014年，住宅煤炭占总能源的2.9％，但与PM_（2.5）暴露有关的34％，表明效果基本上沿着因果道放大。归属于住宅部门的单位煤炭消费的过早死亡人数比电力和工业部门的煤炭消费量高出40倍。原发性PM_（2.5）的排放比在健康后果方面比二次气溶胶前体更重要，并且室内暴露分别占1974年和2014年煤炭燃烧的PM_（2.5）的97％和91％，占PM_（2.5）。我们的评估提出了在住宅煤炭的转换中提出了一个关键挑战，以有效减轻中国人口中的PM_（2.5）暴露。

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来源
《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2021年第11期|7316-7326|共11页
作者
Xiao Yun; Wenjun Meng; Haoran Xu; Wenxiao Zhang; Xinyuan Yu; Huizhong Shen; Yilin Chen; Guofeng Shen; Jianmin Ma; Bengang Li; Hefa Cheng; Jianying Hu; Shu Tao;
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作者单位

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China;

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China;

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China;

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China;

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China;

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China;

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China;

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China;

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China;

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China;

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China;

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China;

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类
关键词
Coal combustion; China; PM_(2.5); Residential sector; Indoor exposure; Health impacts;

机译：煤燃烧;中国;PM_（2.5）;住宅部门;室内曝光;健康影响;

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专利

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机译：中国典型家庭炉灶中作物残渣和燃煤的颗粒物和元素碳的排放因子
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机译：特朗普的EPA：肮脏的煤炭力量，肮脏的空气
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机译：研究预测清洁能源计划下美国燃煤量将大幅下降：燃煤量下降的幅度取决于各国如何遵守该规定
4. When Matrix Matters: A Case Study in Dirty Water and Clean Method Detection Limits [C] . Richard Burrows, Nancy E. Grams, John Davis, Symposium on detection limits in air quality and environmental measurements . 2019

机译：当矩阵事项时：脏水和清洁方法检测限制的案例研究
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机译：带烟气再循环的燃煤/生物质空气分级燃烧器的环境性能。
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机译：颗粒物和作物秸秆煤元素碳排放系数在中国典型的家庭炉灶焚烧
7. Proposal for a Council Regulation (EC)on certain procedures for applying the Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Czech Republic, of the other part; 94/0331 (ACC): Proposal for a Council Regulation (EC) on certain procedures for applying the Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Slovak Republic, of the other part (presented by the Commission). Communication from the Commission: Request for Council assent and consultation of the ECSC committee, pursuant to Article 95 of the ECSC Treaty, concerning a draft; Commission Decisionon certain procedures for applying the Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Czech Republic, of the other part; Commission Decisionon certain procedures for applying the Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Slovak Republic, of the other part; Commission Decisionon certain procedures for applying the Agreement on free trade and trade-related matters between the European Community, the European Atomic Energy Community and the European Coal and Steel Community of the one part, and the Republic of Estonia, of the other part, Commission Decisionon certain procedures for applying the Agreement on free trade and trade-related matters between theEuropean Community, the European Atomic Energy Community and the European Coal and Steel Community of the one part, and the Republic of Latvia, of the other part, Commission Decision on certain procedures for applying the Agreement on free trade and trade-related matters between theEuropean Community, the European Atomic Energy Community and the European Coal and Steel Community of the one part, and the Republic of Lithuania, of the other part, Commission Decision on certain procedures for applying the Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Bulgaria, of the other part; Commission Decision on certain procedures for applying the Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and Romania, of the other part. COM (94) 680 final, 16 December 1994 [O] . 1994

机译：关于理事会条例（EC）的提案关于在欧洲共同体及其成员国之间建立欧洲协定的某些程序的一部分，另一部分是捷克共和国; 94/0331（aCC）：关于实施欧洲协定的某些程序的理事会条例（EC）的提案，其中一部分是欧洲共同体及其成员国与斯洛伐克共和国之间建立联系的另一部分（由委员会提出）。委员会的来文：根据ECsC条约第95条，要求理事会同意和协商ECsC委员会有关草案;佣金决定关于在欧洲共同体及其成员国之间建立欧洲协定的某些程序的一部分，另一部分是捷克共和国;佣金决定关于在欧洲共同体与其成员国之间建立联系的欧洲协定的某些程序，另一部分是斯洛伐克共和国;佣金决定关于欧洲共同体，欧洲原子能共同体和欧洲煤钢共同体之间的自由贸易和贸易相关事项协定的某些程序，以及另一部分委员会决定的爱沙尼亚共和国关于实施自由贸易和贸易相关事项协议的某些程序欧洲共同体，欧洲原子能共同体和欧洲煤钢共同体的一部分，以及拉脱维亚共和国的另一部分，委员会关于适用于自由贸易和贸易相关事项协定的某些程序的决定。欧洲共同体，欧洲原子能共同体和欧洲煤钢共同体的另一部分，立陶宛共和国，另一部分，委员会关于适用欧洲协定建立欧洲共同体与其其中一部分是成员国，另一部分是保加利亚共和国;委员会关于适用欧洲协定的某些程序的决定，其中一部分是欧洲共同体与其成员国之间建立联系，另一部分是罗马尼亚。 COm（94）680决赛，1994年12月16日
8. Examination of Pretreatment and End Use Technologies for Dirty Fuels Produced from Coal Gasification, Coal Pyrolysis, Oil Shale Processing, and Heavy Oil Recovery: Final Technology Status Report [R] . Raden, D. P. , Page, G. C. 1987

机译：煤气化，煤热解，油页岩处理和重油回收产生的肮脏燃料的预处理和最终使用技术的检验：最终技术状况报告

Coal Is Dirty, but Where It Is Burned Especially Matters

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