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Water-Carbon Trade-off in China's Coal Power Industry

机译：中国煤电行业的水碳权衡

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摘要

The energy sector is increasingly facing water scarcity constraints in many regions around the globe, especially in China, where the unprecedented large-scale construction of coal-fired thermal power plants is taking place in its extremely arid northwest regions. As a response to water scarcity, air-cooled coal power plants have experienced dramatic diffusion in China since the middle 2000s. By the end of 2012, air-cooled coal-fired thermal power plants in China amounted to 112 GW, making up 14% of China's thermal power generation capacity. But the water conservation benefit of air-cooled units is achieved at the cost of lower thermal efficiency and consequently higher carbon emission intensity. We estimate that in 2012 the deployment of air-cooled units contributed an additional 24.3-31.9 million tonnes of CO_2 emissions (equivalent to 0.7-1.0% of the total CO_2 emissions by China's electric power sector), while saving 832-942 million m~3 of consumptive water use (about 60% of the total annual water use of Beijing) when compared to a scenario with water-cooled plants. Additional CO_2 emissions from air-cooled plants largely offset the CO_2 emissions reduction benefits from Chinese policies of retiring small and outdated coal plants. This water-carbon trade-off is poised to become even more significant by 2020, as air-cooled units are expected to grow by a factor of 2-260 GW, accounting for 22% of China's total coal-fired power generation capacity.
机译：能源部门在全球许多地区日益面临缺水的限制，特别是在中国，中国在其极为干旱的西北地区进行了前所未有的大规模燃煤火力发电厂建设。自2000年代中期以来，作为对缺水的回应，风冷燃煤发电厂在中国迅速发展。截至2012年底，中国风冷燃煤火力发电厂达到112吉瓦，占中国火力发电能力的14％。但是，以较低的热效率和较高的碳排放强度为代价实现了空冷机组的节水效益。我们估计，在2012年，风冷式机组的部署将额外增加24.3-3190万吨的CO_2排放量（相当于中国电力行业CO_2排放总量的0.7-1.0％），同时节省832-942百万平方米与使用水冷设备的情景相比，消耗水的比例为3（约占北京年度用水总量的60％）。空冷电厂的额外CO_2排放量在很大程度上抵消了中国淘汰老旧过时的燃煤电厂的政策所带来的CO_2减排量收益。这种水-碳的权衡有望在2020年变得更加重要，因为风冷机组预计将以2-260 GW的速度增长，占中国燃煤发电总容量的22％。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2014年第19期|11082-11089|共8页
  • 作者

    Chao Zhang; Laura Diaz Anadon; Hongpin Mo; Zhongnan Zhao; Zhu Liu;

  • 作者单位

    School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States;

    Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States;

    National Energy Conservation Center, Beijing 100045, China;

    General Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100053, China;

    Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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