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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Microplastics in Four Estuarine Rivers in the Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A.
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Microplastics in Four Estuarine Rivers in the Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A.

机译：美国切萨皮克湾的四个河道中的微塑料

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摘要

Once believed to degrade into simple compounds, increasing evidence suggests plastics entering the environment are mechanically, photochemically, and/or biologically degraded to the extent that they become imperceptible to the naked eye yet are not significantly reduced in total mass. Thus, more and smaller plastics particles, termed microplastics, reside in the environment and are now a contaminant category of concern. The current study tested the hypotheses that microplastics concentration would be higher in proximity to urban sources, and vary temporally in response to weather phenomena such as storm events. Triplicate surface water samples were collected approximately monthly between July and December 2011 from four estuarine tributaries within the Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A. using a manta net to capture appropriately sized microplastics (operationally defined as 0.3-5.0 mm). Selected sites have watersheds with broadly divergent land use characteristics (e.g., proportion urban/suburban, agricultural and/or forested) and wide ranging population densities. Microplastics were found in all but one of 60 samples, with concentrations ranging over 3 orders of magnitude (＜1.0 to ＞560 g/ km~2). Concentrations demonstrated statistically significant positive correlations with population density and proportion of urban/suburban development within watersheds. The greatest microplastics concentrations also occurred at three of four sites shortly after major rain events.
机译：一旦被认为会降解成简单的化合物，越来越多的证据表明进入环境的塑料会在机械，光化学和/或生物学上降解到肉眼无法察觉的程度，而总质量却不会显着降低。因此，越来越多的称为微塑料的塑料颗粒存在于环境中，现在已成为令人关注的污染物类别。当前的研究检验了以下假设：在靠近城市的城市附近，微塑料的浓度会更高，并且会随风暴现象等天气现象而随时间变化。在2011年7月至2011年12月期间，大约每月从美国切萨皮克湾的四个河口支流中收集三次重复的地表水样品，使用地幔网捕获适当大小的微塑料（操作定义为0.3-5.0毫米）。选定地点的流域具有广泛不同的土地利用特征（例如城市/郊区，农业和/或森林比例）和广泛的人口密度。除60个样品中的一个样品外，其余所有样品中都含有微塑料，其浓度范围超过3个数量级（＜1.0至＞ 560 g / km〜2）。浓度显示与人口密度和流域内城市/郊区发展的比例具有统计学显着正相关。重大降雨事件发生后不久，最大的微塑料浓度也出现在四个地点中的三个地点。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2014年第24期|14195-14202|共8页
  • 作者

    Lance T. Yonkos; Elizabeth A. Friedel; Ana C. Perez-Reyes; Sutapa Ghosal; Courtney D. Arthur;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States,Wye Research and Education Center, University of Maryland, Queenstown, Maryland 21658, United States;

    Wye Research and Education Center, University of Maryland, Queenstown, Maryland 21658, United States;

    Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States;

    Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California 94804-6403, United States;

    Marine Debris Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States,I.M. Systems Group, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States,Industrial Economics, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts U.S.A.;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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