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Reaction of Gadolinium Chelates with Ozone and Hydroxyl Radicals

机译：d螯合物与臭氧和羟自由基的反应

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Gadolinium chelates are used in increasing amounts as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging, and their fate in wastewater treatment has recently become the focus of research. Oxidative processes, in particular the application of ozone, are currently discussed or even implemented for advanced wastewater treatment. However, reactions of the gadolinium chelates with ozone are not yet characterized. In this study, therefore, rate constants with ozone were determined for the three commonly used chelates Gd-DTPA, Gd-DTPA-BMA, and Gd-BT-DO3A, which were found to be 4.8 ± 0.88, 46 ± 2.5, and 24 ± 1.5 M~(-1) s~(-1), respectively. These low rate constants indicate that a direct reaction with ozone in wastewater is negligible. However, application of ozone in wastewater leads to substantial yields of OH. Different methods have been applied and compared for determination of k_((OH+Gd chelate)). From rate constants determined by pulse radiolysis experiments (k_((OH+Gd-DTPA)) = 2.6 ± 0.2 × 10~9 M~(-1) s~(-1), k_((OH+Gd chelate)) = 1.9 ± 0.7 × 10~9 M~(-1) s~(-1), k_((OH+Gd-BT-DO3A)) = 4.3 ± 0.2 × 10~9 M~(-1) s~(-1)), it is concluded that a reaction in wastewater via OH radicals is feasible. Toxicity has been tested for educt and product mixtures of both reactions. Cytotoxicity (MTT test) and genotoxicity (micronuclei assay) were not detectable.
机译：magnetic螯合物在磁共振成像中越来越多地用作造影剂，它们在废水处理中的命运已成为研究的重点。目前已经讨论甚至实施了氧化工艺，特别是臭氧的应用，以进行高级废水处理。然而，ado螯合物与臭氧的反应尚未表征。因此，在这项研究中，确定了三种常用螯合剂Gd-DTPA，Gd-DTPA-BMA和Gd-BT-DO3A的臭氧速率常数，分别为4.8±0.88、46±2.5和24分别为±1.5 M〜（-1）s〜（-1）。这些低速率常数表明与废水中的臭氧直接反应可忽略不计。然而，在废水中使用臭氧会导致大量的OH产生。已经应用了不同的方法并将其比较以确定k _（（OH + Gd螯合物））。从通过脉冲辐射分解实验确定的速率常数（k _（（OH + Gd-DTPA））= 2.6±0.2×10〜9 M〜（-1）s〜（-1），k _（（OH + Gd螯合物））= 1.9±0.7×10〜9 M〜（-1）s〜（-1），k _（（OH + Gd-BT-DO3A））= 4.3±0.2×10〜9 M〜（-1）s〜（- 1）），结论是通过OH自由基在废水中进行反应是可行的。已针对两种反应的离析物和产物混合物进行了毒性测试。细胞毒性（MTT试验）和基因毒性（微核试验）无法检测到。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2013年第17期|9942-9949|共8页
  • 作者

    Maike Cyris; Wolfgang Knolle; Jessica Richard; Elke Dopp; Clemens von Sonntag; Torsten C. Schmidt;

  • 作者单位

    IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany,University of Duisburg-Essen, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany;

    Leibniz-Institut fuer Oberflaechenmodifizierung (IOM), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;

    IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany;

    IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany,Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 2, 45141 Essen;

    University of Duisburg-Essen, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany;

    IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany,University of Duisburg-Essen, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany,Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 2, 45141 Essen;

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