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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Estimating Raw Material Equivalents on a Macro-Level: Comparison of Multi-Regional Input-Output Analysis and Hybrid LCI-IO
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Estimating Raw Material Equivalents on a Macro-Level: Comparison of Multi-Regional Input-Output Analysis and Hybrid LCI-IO

机译：在宏观水平上估算原材料当量：多区域投入产出分析与混合LCI-IO的比较

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摘要

The mass of material consumed by a population has become a useful proxy for measuring environmental pressure. The "raw material equivalents" (RME) metric of material consumption addresses the issue of including the full supply chain (including imports) when calculating national or product level material impacts. The RME calculation suffers from data availability, however, as quantitative data on production practices along the full supply chain (in different regions) is required. Hence, the RME is currently being estimated by three main approaches: (1) assuming domestic technology in foreign economies, (2) utilizing region-specific life-cycle inventories (in a hybrid framework), and (3) utilizing multi-regional input-output (MRIO) analysis to explicitly cover all regions of the supply chain. While the first approach has been shown to give inaccurate results, this paper focuses on the benefits and costs of the latter two approaches. We analyze results from two key (MRIO and hybrid) projects modeling raw material equivalents, adjusting the models in a stepwise manner in order to quantify the effects of individual conceptual elements. We attempt to isolate the MRIO gap, which denotes the quantitative impact of calculating the RME of imports by an MRIO approach instead of the hybrid model, focusing on the RME of EU external trade imports. While, the models give quantitatively similar results, differences become more pronounced when tracking more detailed material flows. We assess the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches and look forward to ways to further harmonize data and approaches.
机译：人口消耗的物质质量已成为衡量环境压力的有用替代。材料消耗的“原材料当量”（RME）度量标准解决了在计算国家或产品级别的材料影响时包括整个供应链（包括进口）的问题。 RME计算受到数据可用性的影响，但是，由于需要整个供应链（在不同区域）的生产实践的定量数据。因此，目前正通过三种主要方法对RME进行估算：（1）假设外国经济体采用本国技术；（2）利用区域特定的生命周期清单（在混合框架中）；以及（3）利用多区域投入输出（MRIO）分析以明确涵盖供应链的所有区域。虽然第一种方法已显示出不正确的结果，但本文着眼于后两种方法的收益和成本。我们分析了两个关键项目（MRIO和混合项目）的结果，这些项目对原材料等效物进行建模，并逐步调整模型以量化各个概念元素的影响。我们试图隔离MRIO缺口，这表示通过MRIO方法而非混合模型来计算进口RME的定量影响，重点是欧盟对外贸易进口的RME。虽然这些模型在定量上提供了相似的结果，但是当跟踪更详细的物料流时，差异变得更加明显。我们评估了这两种方法的优缺点，并期待着进一步协调数据和方法的方法。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2013年第24期|14282-14289|共8页
  • 作者

    Karl Schoer; Richard Wood; Inaki Arto; Jan Weinzettel;

  • 作者单位

    Sustainable Solutions Germany-Consultants GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany;

    Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Industrial Ecology Programme (IndEcol), Trondheim, Norway;

    Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Bilbao, Spain,European Commission, Directorate-General, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Sevilla, Spain;

    Charles University in Prague, Environment Center, J. Martiho 2, Prague 6, Czech Republic;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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